39 pages • 1 hour read
Daniel H. PinkA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
This principal theme of the text is the purpose of Pink’s undertaking and permeates every chapter. As Pink argues for the importance of the right hemisphere, he is constantly working to undo generations of stigma assigned to emotionally driven aptitudes. These skills, generally, are involved with empathy, artistic ability, and “soft” sciences. They have been assigned to right-brained dominant individuals and most often reduced to overgeneralizations and misunderstandings. Pink’s book demonstrates that society has come to value one way of thinking over the other, resulting in a decline in necessary right-brained skills. The text implies that society’s favoring of left-brained individuals—those who become lawyers, doctors, and accountants—originated from the demand for knowledge and skilled workers necessitated by the Information Age. During this economic period, creatives and empaths were marginalized and undervalued because their skills did not conform to standardized production and an apathetic work environment.
Emotionally driven skills are about intuition, vision, and feeling. They are essentially high concept and high touch. Within the business world, empathy has “often [been] considered a softhearted nicety in a world that demanded hardheaded detachment” (160). To dismiss a person and their thoughts, one only need to utter that their sentiment is “touchy-feely.” The argument that society’s treatment of right-brained skills has perpetuated left-brain dominance and, therefore, made L-Directed Thinking obsolete through abundance is apparent within Pink’s thesis for the text.
R-Directed Thinking has always been necessary, but society is just now moving to embrace it because there is a gap in the workforce that only creative and empaths can fill. This is the great irony of Pink’s argument; it is apparent, though, and underlines the demand for not just R-Directed Thinking, but whole-minded thinking. Pink’s detailed explanation of the reasons for and the repercussions of societal left-brained dominance implies that overcompensating—just replacing left-brained dominance with right-brained dominance—will extend the problem. The text does not advocate for the devaluation of emotionless skills but for society to progress towards welcoming balanced, whole-minded aptitudes.
The six senses are all emotionally driven or emotionally associated skills. Each sense’s respective chapter demonstrates the origin of its stigma and explains why mastering it will lead to prosperity. These aptitudes are becoming integral to success precisely because they were neglected in the previous economic ages. Their dismissal stemmed from a universal belief that they didn’t contribute to productivity or could not be exploited for monetary gain and thus were worthless. To address this belief, Pink takes a neoliberal approach: Rather than arguing that skills that cannot be monetized are equally valid, he assures readers that emotionally impactful skills can indeed be capitalized upon in the business world. This theme demonstrates that the devaluation of emotionally driven skills is a symptom of a highly competitive market that favored productivity, abundance, and a stoic approach to business. Now, as the products and services borne of the old business approaches becomes plentiful and individuals begin seeking professional and personal fulfillment simultaneously, creativity, empathy, and intuition are assigned value.
Throughout the text, Pink catalogues both humanity’s approach to understanding behavior and his own attempt to define humanity. In endeavoring to understand the two hemispheres of the human brain, scientists have essentially been attempting to outline what exactly it is to be human. Pink is both undoing the misconceptions that have resulted from this pursuit and contributing his own parameters to this study. The major misconception that Pink works to undo is that the left hemisphere is solely responsible for civilizing humans. The prevailing theory of the 20th century regarding the two hemispheres was that the left hemisphere—because it is logical and analytic—was essential to survival; the right was “subsidiary” because it is “mute” and “instinctive,” skills society has outgrown. Pink proves that part of being human is to tell stories, to feel for others, and to design innovations—crucial right-hemisphere responsibilities. The reason that we remember facts given through narrative better than in isolation, or that we prefer functionality and beauty together, is because R-Directed Thinking is biologically programmed within each brain and is therefore fundamental to being human.
In this way, the text works to convey human nature as simultaneously evolving and fixed. Though society progresses, some key qualities are encoded into humans, resulting in elements that are endemic to human nature. High-concept and high-touch abilities have always been a part of humanity; early humans were never “plugging numbers into spreadsheets” but were “telling stories, demonstrating empathy, and designing innovations” (67). Consequently, Pink calls for the return to ancestral roots in his plea for embracing R-Directed Thinking. As he points to abundance and automation for their part in the declining value of L-Directed Thinking, Pink indicates that the skills that are most natural to humans are now necessary; the Industrial Age ground them out of workers as they strived to out-produce machines while the Information Age made previously elite skills obsolete merely because they were abundant. Fact-knowing is outperformed by concept-driven thinking processes; quantity is surpassed by originality.
High-touch and high-concept skills have always naturally resonated with individuals, but society stamps them out at an early age to emphasize conformity, docility, and productivity. Pink highlights that this is contrary to human nature by describing a study done on grade-school children: An academic walked into a classroom from each grade level and asked, “How many artists are there in the room?” (68). In the kindergarten and first-grade classes, every child raised their hand. In each ascending grade, fewer kids identified themselves as artists, until not a single child raised their hand in the sixth-grade classroom. This exercise demonstrates that creativity and empathy—skills associated with artists and controlled by the right hemisphere—are natural to every single person. It is human nature to be imaginative and compassionate. Experiences just condition people to reprioritize the components of their identity to fit in with others.
The third and final major thematic undertaking of this text is the importance of a balanced relationship between the two hemispheres. Although discourse surrounding the hemispheres has always been concerned with isolating and differentiating one from the other, “they are actually two half-brains, designed to work together” (25). Pink takes great pains to convince readers that the right hemisphere is worthy of their care and attention, but it is clear throughout his study that the goal is not to usurp L-Directed Thinking with R-Directed Thinking, but to train readers to comfortably utilize both hemispheres for even the simplest of tasks.
To achieve a whole-minded outlook, Pink must accomplish his first major task: to demonstrate why the right hemisphere matters in the world we live in today. Even as he does so, Pink infuses his argument with L-Directed approaches to emphasize the importance of balance. Part 1 takes a strictly analytical approach; he offers statistics, history, and scientific data to support his claims. Part 2 surveys the six senses as right-brained aptitudes that can employ the left hemisphere to facilitate professional achievements: Design is the intersection of functionality and aesthetics; story integrates narrative and facts/lessons or improves business approaches; symphony synthesizes details into a cohesive image; empathy promotes productive work relationships and fosters healthy work environments; Play exercises the whole brain and releases tension to allow more productivity. Pink approaches Meaning in an entirely different way: It is a whole-minded aptitude that he doesn’t attempt to argue should be exploited within the business world. Rather, individuals’ lives are enriched by the search for meaning, which will positively affect all other aspects of their lives, including their businesses. Therefore, the key to professional success is indeed balance.
Although Pink is working to rid the right hemisphere of unfair stigma, his goal is also to emphasize that this stigma is derivative of reductive, binary understandings. In emphasizing the strengths of R-Directed Thinking, Pink is advocating for a balanced perspective of the hemispheres. Significantly, the text opens with a visual of the human brain that highlights its symmetry; even in its physicality, a balance exists between the two hemispheres. Overall, the theme is employed to underscore each argument in favor of embracing R-Directed Thinking with the reminder that L-Directed Thinking is equally as important.
By Daniel H. Pink