38 pages • 1 hour read
Cheikh Hamidou KaneA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Samba Diallo is a student at the Glowing Hearth religious school in the Diallobé region of West Africa. His teacher, Thierno, punishes him for not reciting the holy verses correctly. Although Samba does not understand the meaning of his recitations, he does his best to speak them with the utmost correctness, and in doing so “master[s] his suffering” of his beatings from Thierno (4).
While Thierno gives Samba the impression that he is severely disappointed with Samba, Thierno’s inner monologue reveals that he has never encountered another child who “waited on God with such a spirit” (5). Thierno is one of the most respected men of the Diallobé region, since he focuses his life on “the work of the spirit and the work of the field” (7).
Thierno recalls his first meeting with a young Samba, Samba’s father, Samba’s cousin (the chief of the Diallobé), and the school principal. In this meeting, the men discussed the presence of a new foreign school (the word “school” in their language is the same as “wood”), which they all worried about sending their children to. In particular, the men were concerned that future generations of the Diallobé would lose their way from God if they attended the foreign school. After observing Samba during this conversation, Thierno requested that Samba attend the Glowing Hearth religious school the following year.
Samba and several of his companions are completing their daily ritual of reciting litanies in order to receive food. At his cousin’s house, Samba receives special attention from his female cousin, but he ignores her. Samba is of a noble background since his cousin is the chief of the Diallobé; however, rather than exploit his privilege, he has sought to humble himself before others—an action that has only enraged his peers further. Samba’s nobility does not go unnoticed by his companion Demba, who begins to taunt Samba’s for his “morose” nature (14). Recognizing his companion’s desire to start a fight, Samba initially remains calm; however, as Demba persists, Samba has an out-of-body experience, pushing Demba to the ground and beginning to hit him. The older sister of the chief of the Diallobé, called the Most Royal Lady, stops Samba. She expresses her frustration with Samba’s father for sending him to the Glowing Hearth school because it is “killing the life” in him (20).
Thierno beats Samba upon his return to the Glowing Hearth and realizes that his harsher treatment of Samba reflects his preference for Samba over the other pupils. Following this thought, Thierno meditates on the changing way of life for the Diallobé, such as the decline of traditions and increased exposure to secularization. He is awakened by the Most Royal Lady, who visits his home in order to share her feelings of apprehension about the solemnity of the litanies she heard Samba reciting. In particular, she is worried that Samba is overly focused on death. Thierno is not convinced this is inappropriate and shares a story of her father’s final days, noting her father’s strength as he faced death. He ends on the note that with strict education, Samba will be able to “dominate life, and death” (25).
Despite his aging body, Thierno embraces humor and jubilance as he observes his daily prayers. The chief requests a visit with Thierno in order to discuss the issue of memory and how to preserve Diallobé tradition if the community allows its children to attend the foreign school. Entering the discussion, the Most Royal Lady advocates for sending children to the foreign school, noting the community’s high death rate and the probability that more people will die if they do not accept some aspects of the new way of life. She recalls her grandfather, who fought against and lost to the colonizers in battle. She says that only the victors know why they won, and the Diallobé must go and learn from their colonizers, starting with the elites’ children—in particular Samba—as an example for others. Her remarks cause Thierno to further recognize his attachment to Samba; however, he acquiesces and leaves the decision to his counterparts.
The first three chapters set the stage by establishing the root of the novel’s conflict: the introduction of the foreign school in the Diallobé region and its possible effects on Diallobé traditions, community, and way of life.
Much of the novel’s context is implied rather than explicitly stated. For example, while readers may not be familiar with the term “Diallobé,” they might know of the nation-state of Senegal in West Africa, where the predominantly Islamic region of Diallobé is located. Similarly, the religion that the Glowing Hearth school teaches only becomes fully clear with this statement from Chapter 3: “I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Mohammed is His prophet...” (28). This statement, known as the “shahada” (i.e., “profession of faith” in Arabic), is the first of the Five Pillars of the Islamic faith.
The first three chapters introduce Samba and the people of the Diallobé in vignettes characterized by duality. The opening chapter reveals the intensity of Samba’s tutelage, as Thierno punishes him for the most minimal of mistakes. The reason for this treatment reflects the duality of Thierno’s affection for Samba; while he loves him and prefers him to his other students, he expects perfection and therefore treats him harshly. Duality is likewise present in Thierno’s overall behavior as a teacher, which oscillates between a deep meditative state and a “frenzied rage” when students do not exhibit perfection.
As the protagonist, Samba’s duality appears in both his background and his actions. Samba is from nobility but is living an ascetic lifestyle, and he struggles to balance the dual roles that are present within him. Samba’s duality emerges in his fight with Demba, when Demba’s taunting launches him from his usually meditative and composed state into a frenzy.
Finally, this set of chapters introduces a problem for the future of the Diallobé. The conversation between the chief, Thierno, and the Most Royal Lady is simultaneously a conversation about Samba’s future as well as the future of the Diallobé way of life. Given Samba’s prominence within the community (and his promise as a student), the decision that they make regarding Samba will ultimately affect the rest of the Diallobé people.