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37 pages 1 hour read

Joseph J. Ellis

American Creation

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2007

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Themes

The Founders Were Flawed but Admirable

Perhaps the greatest theme in the book is that the founders of the American republic were not demigods but humans with flaws like the rest of us. Those flaws, however, should not lead us to dismiss them for what they were unable to accomplish. Ellis includes some of their failures in the book, noting that “if flawless, they would have nothing to teach us.” He reviews their two greatest failures, the inability to solve the issues relating to slavery and Native Americans, taking pains to note good intentions and honest efforts as well as blind spots and events outside their control.

By viewing the founders as having human foibles rather cut from mythological stone, Ellis makes them more accessible. As John Adams himself argued, their accomplishments are even greater knowing that they were normal individuals like us. The implication is that such achievements are not out of reach. 

The American Revolution as an “Evolutionary Revolution”

Ellis argues that comprehensive change did not happen overnight. Instead, he writes, “the calculated decision to make the American Revolution happen in slow motion was a creative act of statesmanship that allowed the United States to avoid the bloody and chaotic fate of subsequent revolutionary movements in France, Russia, and China” (21). Some, like Patrick Henry, advocated a more sudden transformation, but both compromise and lack of action resulted in a more gradual change to society and the political system. For Ellis, this had immeasurable benefits, giving the new nation more stability and allowing it to get its footing without the excesses that often cause revolutions to burn out too quickly. More importantly, the slow revolution also permitted continuing change in the future. In other words, the revolution was open-ended and ongoing—a kind of work in progress—in which the republic continuously attempted to create “a more perfect union.” 

The Uniqueness of the US Constitution

Throughout the book, Ellis points to aspects of the US Constitution that were truly novel for the time. One main aspect is “shared sovereignty.” Since the time of Aristotle, the idea that sovereignty could only be located in one place (a single person or institution) held sway. The Constitutional Convention of 1787, however, divided sovereignty between the federal government and the state governments. At the time, it was a compromise rather than a flash insight, but in time, it would become one of the most significant features of the system, allowing ongoing debate to be built into the framework. Other notable innovations in the US Constitution included the system of checks and balances, and the ability of the executive powers to expand and contract as required by the times. 

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