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Chinua AchebeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Ezeulu summons the elders of Umuaro after the messenger leaves his compound. The drum that makes the call, the Ikolo, is “not beaten out of season except in a great emergency” (141), and so those who hear it are alarmed.
Ezeulu apologizes to the men for coming with such urgency and without palm wine. He tells them that “the white ruler has asked him to go to Okperi” (143). After he speaks, Nwaka rises. He accuses Ezeulu of shaking “hands with a man of white body” (144). He suggests that since “you tied the knot, you should also know how to undo it” (144), to break his own link to the white man. Most speakers following Nwaka speak less harshly. They feel that “it would be foolhardy to ignore the call of the white man” (144), even if it is against custom for the High Priest to travel.
Some people, including Akuebue and his half-brother, volunteer to travel with Ezeulu. But Ezeulu decides to travel alone. He is not close with his brother, Okeke Onenyi, who is a medicine-man and with whom he split the formidable powers his father had held. Okeke had questioned the oracle’s decision to make Ezeulu high priest, and the brothers’ relationship is not strong as a result.
Winterbottom sees “the business of a warrant chief for Umuaro” (149) as just a small item to begin before his trip to headquarters in Edogo. He puts together a list for Tony Clarke to complete so that when he returns, Ezeulu will be nearly installed. When the messenger returns with Ezeulu’s message, Winterbottom is “understandably enraged” (149) and decides to arrest the Chief Priest. When messengers depart for Umuaro, Winterbottom becomes delirious in his seasonal illness, demands hot water poured on his feet, and is burned to the point that he must visit “the severe and unfeminine missionary doctor” (150), Mary Savage.
Dr. Savage is emotional in her care for Winterbottom and rarely leaves his side for days. Meanwhile, John Nwodika, Winterbottom’s steward, falls ill and also refuses to send orders to his home clan again; he mutters some directions to the policemen so that they will travel alone. When the villagers of Umuaro do not submit to their requests, the policemen, outsiders to the village, resort to violence and threaten arrest. Eventually, a little boy leads the policemen the last portion of the way to Ezeulu’s hut, for which he is punished.
By the time they reach the hut, the policemen are angry. They threaten the anxious-looking family with handcuffs, which seem to be a sign of impotence, “the most deadly of a white man’s weapons” (153). Akuebue speaks up to inform them that Ezeulu and his son were on their way to Okperi. Although they believe Akuebue, they decide to threaten Ezeulu’s kin and to eat and drink the family’s food before they go.
Back at the British compound, word spreads that John is ill after Ezeulu’s curse. However, Clarke misses this message. He is distracted by Winterbottom’s unfading illness and gives orders to lock Ezeulu and Obika, who traveled with him, up until the morning once he arrives. The servants in the house pretend that the room is a guest room, not a cell, and John Nwodika and his wife bring Ezeulu food. Even the policemen, as they hear of Ezeulu’s power, seek a medicine man of their own to avoid punishment for their violence and bribe-baiting in Umuaro.
In the night, Ezeulu searches for the new moon. He finds that “the sky [has] an unfamiliar face” (159) outside of his own village. In his dreams, he is troubled by a dream of his grandfather, ignored as he speaks by the rebellious Umuaro elders. Obika wakes him from this dream, which Ezeulu suddenly realizes is “not a dream but a vision” seen “in the clarity of the middle day” (160). The vision is a sign, to him, that the rebellious men of Umuaro “had gone too far” (161).
Clarke follows orders to put Ezeulu “in his place” (161) and refuses to see him for four days. While he lingers, Clarke and Wade stop by a roadside and find an English florin in a sacrifice. When Wade takes the florin, Clarke panics. In his mind, “it certainly showed a monstrous lack of feeling to desecrate someone else’s sacrifice” (162). He realizes that if he must take over power from Winterbottom, “it would fall on him to defend his natives if need be from the thoughtless acts of white people like Wade” (162).
Ezeulu sends Obika back to Umuaro. Ezeulu sends for his youngest wife to cook his food, but Nwodika insists that his wife will cook for the Chief Priest. Still, Ezeulu sends for food that she can prepare. Slowly, Ezeulu starts to soften to Nwodika.
One night, he hears the voices of children calling to the new moon. He recognizes that “his deity must now be asking: ‘Where is he?’” (163). Meanwhile, at home, Ezeulu’s family is in a panic: they nearly attack Obika for news when he arrives home. Akuebue panics when he hears that Nwodika’s wife is feeding Ezeulu and sends Edogo to prepare to travel to Okperi with him.
This is good news for Nwafo, who had felt his eldest brother’s hostility in their father’s absence. Although his and Obiageli’s mother also travels to Okperi to see Ezeulu, he knows he will feel less rejected in their absence. But like his father, Nwafo is worried about the arrival of the new moon in his father’s absence. He decides to sit where his father does as night falls; he nearly beats the ogene, Ezeulu’s sacred drum.
When Akuebue arrives at Ezeulu’s side, he questions Nwodika’s intentions in working for the white man. He replies that he had joined “the race for the white man’s money” (169) three years earlier, at the suggestion of an old friend. Suddenly, Ezeulu’s apparent liking for the young man begins to make sense to Akuebue. Nwodika explains that he does “not aim to die a servant” (170) even though he keeps the white man’s house in order.
After everyone else leaves Ezeulu’s room, Akuebue shares his skepticism about Nwodika. Then, he shares the story Ezeulu requests about one of his daughters, who is causing him trouble following the example of his wife, her mother. Ezeulu explains his philosophy of marriage, in which he asks his wives constantly to complete tasks for him so that he will never have to “knock his forehead on the ground to his wife to ask her forgiveness or beg a favour” (172), following his grandfather’s advice.
After four days, Clarke summons Ezeulu. Clarke’s first words are insulting to Ezeulu: he abruptly asks for Ezeulu to confirm his name. The interpreter tries to explain the white man’s customs, but Clarke also grows frustrated with the thought that Ezeulu seems disrespectful. He wants to lecture the man but knows that the interpreter will not translate his words well, so he calms himself down and delivers his proposal. Instead of accepting, Ezeulu says to “tell the white man that Ezeulu will not be anybody’s chief, except Ulu” (174). In anger, Clarke sends him back to prison.
Ezeulu’s reputation declines when he defies Clarke’s order, for “such an action had no parallel anywhere in Igboland” (175). He is proud of his actions, despite the brief thought that Wintabota may have “good intentions” shrouded by “this ill-mannered, young white pup” (175).
Ezeulu decides that “Wintabota must answer for the actions of his messengers” (176)like a responsible man. At home, those who believed Ezeulu sought such a position with white men could not believe that he had turned it down. They see him to be “as proud as a lunatic” (176). However, most people begin “to think that he had been used very badly” (176) and begin to visit Ezeulu in Okperi.
Winterbottom agrees with Clarke’s decision to leave Ezeulu “inside until he learns to co-operate with the Administration” (177). But after another overture, Ezeulu still refuses. Clarke worries that releasing him would mean that the Administration “would sag to the ground especially in Umuaro” (177).
While Winterbottom fails to fully heal, Ezeulu’s stock around the compound rises. African servants feel that “he had done no harm to the white man and could justifiably hold up his ofo against him” (178). Eventually, after more than 30 days, Clarke releases him without Winterbottom’s approval.
Nwodika admires the way that Ezeulu “can wrestle with the white man,” but Ezeulu is less certain that he has proven to those at home that “have been poking their fingers into [his] face” (179).
Clarke, in the meantime, is occupied by letters. A Reuter’s telegram warns of chaos in Russia, and a report from the Secretary for Native Affairs mentions the question of the Okperi chief. Clarke mentions the letter’s concern for clear communications with local people, but Winterbottom does not worry too much about it when Clarke shares the news with him.
Left without Winterbottom’s leadership or a clear sense of how to handle Ezeulu, Clarke faces internal conflict. Although he feels a sense of responsibility to “defend his natives if need be from the thoughtless acts of white people” (162), he also grows impatient with Ezeulu’s frustrating behavior toward him. British authority suffers in the face of Ezeulu’s power; that power is not necessarily a spirit-given power to make Winterbottom sick, as some once believed, but a human power achieved through personal integrity.
Ezeulu’s reputation for curse-laying recedes, but his reputation as a protector of his community rises after he refuses the role Winterbottom proposes. While some see him to be “as proud as a lunatic” (176), his human reaction to Clarke’s ignorance of his own tradition seems to prove that he is loyal to his own tradition and home culture. For readers, who see many examples of Ezeulu’s at-times stubborn insistence on upholding Umuaro’s tradition, it seems as if those in his village begin, in Chapters 13 through 15, only to see his true character.
The appearance of “the severe and unfeminine missionary doctor” (150), Mary Savage, presents a contrast in relationships between men and women in British society and Umuaro’s society. Where Ezeulu counsels Akuebue to ask his wives complete tasks for him so that he will never have to “knock his forehead on the ground to his wife to ask her forgiveness or beg a favour” (172), following his grandfather’s advice, Dr. Savage attends Winterbottom almost immediately and with great care.
Women remain on the periphery of all of these men’s worlds, looked at as oddities and (in British eyes, particularly) as sexual objects. Still, the frequency of domestic disputes across time shows that any culture, and any tradition, struggles to reconcile its social order with the spirits (compassionate, fiery, or rebellious) that it seeks to contain. The daily struggles of Ezeulu, his grandfather, and those before him have taken familiar shapes: history’s challenges can repeat themselves, and Achebe’s text wonders whether the same treatments of the past can heal contemporary issues that reflect a context familiar from history.
By Chinua Achebe