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65 pages 2 hours read

W.G. Sebald

Austerlitz

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

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Pages 83-113Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 83-91 Summary

Continuing his story, Austerlitz recounts that two years after Gwendolyn’s death, in the summer of 1949, the headmaster of Stower Grange informed him his real name was Jacques Austerlitz, not Dayfydd Elias. The headmaster tells Austerlitz he must put his real name on his coming exams but keep it a secret. Austerlitz is distressed because he’s never heard of anyone having the surname Austerlitz; all the headmaster says is that Austerlitz was the site of a famous battle.

The next year, Austerlitz learns about the battle of Austerlitz from a teacher, André Hilary, whose vivid lectures captivate Austerlitz and his classmates. Hilary insists his detailed descriptions of the battle fail to truly capture it, arguing that “history [...] is a concern with preformed images already imprinted on our brains, images at which we keep staring while the truth lies elsewhere” (88). Hilary’s lessons on the battle change Austerlitz’s view of his circumstances: Instead of feeling haunted by a star of misfortune as he has his whole life, he begins seeing his name as a bright sun connecting him to France’s glorious history.

Austerlitz becomes Hilary’s star pupil. After Austerlitz tells Hilary his true name, he does everything he can to support Austerlitz through the rest of his education. When Emyr dies in the psychiatric hospital in 1954, Hilary settles his estate and works to obtain Austerlitz’s citizenship, despite the complications caused by Emyr’s attempt to erase all traces of Austerlitz’s origins.

Pages 92-100 Summary

At the now empty hotel bar, Austerlitz continues his story:

While at Stower Grange, he becomes close friends with a younger boy, Gerald Fitzpatrick, after finding Gerald trying to start a fire in a hall, saying he wouldn’t mind if the whole school burned down.

Austerlitz begins watching over Gerald, who suffers from extreme homesickness. Gerald helps Austerlitz with his first photographs, whose subjects are the unique geometry of everyday objects (four of which are pictured). Austerlitz loves photography for its resemblance to memory in exposing the contours of the world: “the shadows of reality, so to speak, emerge out of nothing on the exposed paper, as memories do in the middle of the night, darkening again if you try to cling to them, just like a photographic print left in the developing bath too long” (94). The narrator recalls Austerlitz sent him a photograph of the Stower Grange rugby team (pictured), in which Austerlitz features, after their meeting that night.

Austerlitz loves visiting Gerald’s family home in Wales—called Andromeda Lodge—because it is the antithesis of the house in Bala. Gerald’s great-grandfather made Andromeda Lodge into a mix of a natural history museum and an exotic paradise, putting on display the preserved specimens and plant cuttings he brought back from his travels around the world as a naturalist. A colony of white cockatoos that nests in the orangery entrances Austerlitz because of how closely the birds resemble humans, especially in their tendency to form ever-changing factions and to pair off into harmonious couples.

Pages 101-113 Summary

During his frequent visits to Andromeda Lodge, Austerlitz meets Gerald’s uncle, Evelyn, and great-uncle, Alphonso. Though only 50, Evelyn has a spinal disease and stays in constant motion to prevent losing more mobility. Gerald thinks Evelyn’s extreme stinginess is to blame for this condition. In contrast, Alphonso is a hale 60 year old who spends his time exploring nature or painting watercolors en plein air. While painting, he wears glasses with gray silk lenses to soften the landscape.

This sort of dreamlike atmosphere suffuses much of Austerlitz’s visits to Andromeda Lodge. From his blue-ceilinged room, he beholds the way a fine mist blurs the valley below on summer days:

All forms and colors were dissolved in a pearl-gray haze; there were no contrasts, no shading anymore, only flowing transitions with the light throbbing through them, a single blur from which only the most fleeting of visions emerged, and strangely—I remember this well—it was the very evanescence of those visions that gave me, at the time, something like a sense of eternity (111).

Austerlitz notices the valley never appears the same way twice and that his thoughts become incoherent in front of it.

One night, Alphonso takes Gerald and Austerlitz outside to teach them about the vast array of moths, which “came flying in as if from nowhere, describing thousands of different arcs and spirals and loops, until like snowflakes they formed a silent storm around the light” (106). Austerlitz thinks of all he learned about moths that night when he finds them clinging, motionless, to the walls of his London apartment. Lost, they remain where they’ve landed until they die unless Austerlitz returns them outside.

Austerlitz and the narrator realize the bar is closing and the two part, planning to meet the following day. The narrator takes a room in the hotel and spends the night writing down everything Austerlitz said.

Pages 83-113 Analysis

Austerlitz’s teacher André Hilary’s argument about the impossibility of teaching history is also an argument about humans’ inability to truly recall what the past was like. Hilary argues studying history involves applying stock images from our minds to past events, which we then mistake for understanding history. Even if we are aware of this phenomenon, we soon realize it’s impossible to conjure an image of the past that isn’t preformed: “the horse’s eye starting from its socket, the invulnerable Emperor surrounded by his generals, a moment frozen still amidst the turmoil of battle” (88). Intervening time blocks someone from experiencing the unaccountable complexity of a past event, such as the Battle of Austerlitz.

These passages about history are juxtaposed with Austerlitz’s descriptions of his blissful time at Andromeda Lodge, raising the question of whether these descriptions truly express something of his experiences from those times. Just as in historical accounts, there are layers of remove between Austerlitz’s original experiences, his recollection of them to the narrator, the narrator’s subsequent recollection of them in the book, and finally, the reader’s experience of them. Just as Hilary insisted his highly detailed and evocative descriptions of the Battle of Austerlitz failed to capture the actual battle, Austerlitz might insist his account of Andromeda Lodge fails to truly express what it was like to be there.

While there is no clear-cut answer to this question of understanding the past, there are clues in Austerlitz’s account, including his view of the valley from the Lodge and the photographs he takes at Stower Grange. Both the valley and the everyday objects he photographs indicate a sense for the singular nature of every thing. Each object Austerlitz photographs has a unique geometry: His photographs capture how this means that every object is its own world unto itself. These photographs are records of fleeting moments, now passed, much like memories:

[T]he shadows of reality, so to speak, emerge out of nothing on the exposed paper, as memories do in the middle of the night, darkening again if you try to cling to them, just like a photographic print left in the developing bath too long (94).

The act of remembering is tenuous and delicate, much like the process of developing photos.

Just as every object he photographs is unique, so too is every moment Austerlitz looks at the valley from his bedroom window in Andromeda Lodge. Different weather and time of day reveal different contours of the valley, just as different chemicals reveal different contours of a photograph:

In the morning you saw the shadowy half of the world outside, the gray of the air lying in layers above the water. In the afternoon cumulus clouds often rose on the southwest horizon, their snow-white slopes and steep precipices displacing one another, towering above each other (110).

That Austerlitz finds himself unable to think while looking at these ever-changing views suggests that the world is complex beyond thought—that the ever-changing constellation of its singular constituents will always exceed thought.

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