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97 pages 3 hours read

Walter Dean Myers

Bad Boy: A Memoir

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2001

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Chapters 13-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary: “Marks on Paper”

Myers continued to struggle academically during his senior year, and was as unable as ever to explain the sources of his problems to the school. Nevertheless, he took some solace in English; Myers’s new teacher provided her students with customized reading lists to help them develop as writers, which encouraged Myers to “fully ma[ke] the connection between [his] reading and the writing process” (144). Since Myers hadn’t previously read in any sort of systematic way, encountering the different kinds of narratives his teacher assigned was an eye-opening experience; his teacher urged him to view each work as having something to offer, in spite of any weaknesses it might have.

On his teacher’s recommendation, Myers read Penguin Island, Buddenbrooks and Père Goriot. The idea of Balzac’s Goriot “toiling away just beyond the edges of a world he could not enter” was a particularly striking (and familiar) idea to Myers, and inspired him to model himself on Balzac at a time when his faith in his own voice was faltering; Myers had only a vague sense of the kind of stories he wanted to write (“stories with secret meanings that would relate to people like [him], no matter their color or position in life”), and he felt that his work was becoming “incomprehensible” (149, 148).

Meanwhile, Myers was struggling in other subjects, and particularly French, where his speech impediment caused difficulties. He continued to skip school frequently, instead spending his time reading in Central Park: “[The books] shut out the rattling noise that filled my head with warnings and admonishments—all in the voice of a guidance counselor—about where I was headed” (151). He also grew closer to Fred, who, despite Florence’s disapproval of him, had become Myers’s only real friend.

Myers got away with skipping school for several weeks by forging Florence’s signature. Eventually, however, she began to suspect something was going on and insisted on accompanying Myers to school, where she met privately with the guidance counselor. By bringing up a childhood bout of scarlet fever that had left Myers with symptoms of anxiety, Florence was able to persuade Stuyvesant not to expel him. In exchange, however, he was placed under the supervision of a city agency and became “officially disturbed” (154).

Chapter 14 Summary: “The Stranger”

During his interview with the city agency, Myers was again cautioned about the possible consequences of skipping school (among other things, he could be put in a juvenile facility). The interviewer interpreted Myers’s reluctance to respond as sullenness, when in fact it was a sign of Myers’s despair: “What we never discussed was how desperately I wanted to hide my feelings from him, or how ashamed I was of my predicament” (156).

After the interview, Myers sought out Frank, whom he now knew a little more about. Frank’s father had been a successful vaudeville performer, so Frank grew up in an elite and largely white neighborhood. When his father died, however, the neighbors became less friendly, and events came to a head when a bus driver tried to throw Frank and his mother off a bus: Frank blacked out and woke up later in a mental hospital, where he learned that he had killed the driver and two passengers with a knife. Although his mother eventually secured his release, a similar incident landed him back in an institution for three years, after which he ended up in Myers’s neighborhood, estranged from his mother and drinking heavily in an attempt to forget his problems (158).

After hearing Myers’s story, Frank suggested that they find their own apartment together. He also told Myers about a job he’d landed that involved delivering a package downtown. Myers decided to come with him, and the two went to an apartment to pick up the package; the people there were shooting heroin, and the man who gave them the package warned them they would be in “big trouble” if they didn’t deliver it correctly (161).

Despite this incident, Myers’s disillusionment with his life caused him to take Frank’s offer about an apartment seriously. On his English teacher’s recommendation, Myers had recently read Camus’s The Stranger, and had grown interested in the main character’s detachment from society. When Myers was referred to a hospital for testing and then sent to a psychologist named Dr. Holiday, he tried to capture his feelings about the experience in writing: “But as I dealt with what was happening to me by becoming more and more the detached observer, I was becoming Mersault, the character, and not Camus, the author” (164).

Chapter 15 Summary: “Dr. Holiday”

Myers began attending school again, but struggled to focus on his homework, preferring to write. He therefore returned to cutting classes, feeling guilty about his poor performance but “relieved” to no longer be spending time with students planning for their futures: “In a way I was mourning for the self I thought I had been, and at the same time I was becoming absorbed in the self I had become. Mine was the humiliated consciousness, ashamed of its every face, its every nuance” (166).

Myers went back to spending his days reading. He especially enjoyed Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, because it spoke to Myers’s own troubled relationship with his mother; Myers and Florence had drifted apart as Florence became less and less able to understand the “intellectually sophisticated” self that Myers was trying to craft for himself (168). Looking back on that period in his life, Myers mourns how little he really knew about his mother; he recalls a picture he once saw of her as a young woman “in a shimmering blue dress, her dark hair framing her face,” and wishes that he could have spoken to her then about her hopes and dreams (167).

Around this time, Myers had his first appointment with Dr. Holiday, a “beautiful black woman” who praised Meyer’s intelligence and tried to get him to open up about the sources of his delinquency (170). Myers, for his part, said little and “tried [his] best to be as smart as she wanted [him] to be” (170). He was also largely silent when Florence asked how the appointment had gone, instead shutting himself in his room and trying unsuccessfully to read Ulysses.

In the time leading up to his next appointment with Dr. Holiday, Myers brooded over his coming graduation—which he imagined as a kind of “execution”—and got into a fight with the boys who had tried to beat up Frank: “I didn’t mind at all hurting people […] But that wasn’t the life I wanted to lead. It was no better than being condemned to the garment-center labor force” (172). Finally, his next appointment came, and as he prepared to leave Dr. Holiday’s office afterwards, she asked Myers whether he “like[d] being black” (173).

Chapter 16 Summary: “Being Black”

Dr. Holiday’s question startled Myers, but he replied that he did like being black. In reality, however, Myers “really did not know what being ‘black’ meant” (174). He explains that he was more used to thinking about his identity in terms of the job he would eventually hold: not being an adult, he didn’t know what he would like to do once he was grown up, and the tension between his family’s and Stuyvesant’s ideas about “good” jobs further complicated the issue. Myers had also spent a lot of time thinking about gender, and the way definitions of masculinity differed from place to place: “I understood being a man as having some kind of power. In Harlem that power was expressed in muscle, in being someone who wouldn’t take any nonsense or who was good at athletics […] I did [not] see anybody defining a real man as somebody who paid a lot of attention to books” (176).

By probing his ideas about career and masculinity in this way, Myers came to see them as “subdivisions of the larger idea of race” (176). Race, however, was also a problematic issue in Myers’s eyes:

I wasn’t born with a hyphen linking me to Africa, any more than I was born with a desire to dribble a basketball or to write. These were interests that I worked on developing. These were activities I chose. Being Afro-American, or black, was being imposed on me by people who had their own ideas of what those terms meant (177).

Myers’s history further complicated his sense of himself as black: he grew up in a multiracial household that, amidst the patriotism of WWII, considered itself American first and foremost. As a result, Myers didn’t think much about his own race until he began to experience the disadvantages of being black: the parties he wasn’t allowed to go to, the colleges that wouldn’t admit him. Myers, in other words, began to “think about race in purely negative terms,” and to do everything he could to identify as something other than black—for instance, as “an intellectual” (178). Now, however, that identity no longer seemed available to him.

Chapters 13-16 Analysis

Myers’s identity crisis reaches a head in these chapters, thanks to the disarming question Dr. Holiday poses. As Myers notes, he hadn’t thought much about what it meant to be black prior to that therapy session, but not because race wasn’t an important factor in his life; rather, race had been so influential that it had shaped his attitude towards other aspects of his identity (e.g. gender) without him consciously realizing it. Myers says, for example, that he associated the “major careers” with whiteness and simply took it for granted that black people worked blue-collar jobs. In asking Myers to think about race directly, Dr. Holiday forces him to confront his negative (and previously unchallenged) assumptions about blackness.

Of course, it’s undeniably the case that being black in America carried many disadvantages with it at the time when Myers was growing up. As Myers puts it, “Blacks were the ones who were lynched, blacks were the ones who were barred from hotels, who had to drink from dirty fountains, who had to look for signs that told them if their race was welcome” (178-79). Dr. Holiday’s point, however, isn’t to disregard the real obstacles black Americans faced, but rather to prompt Myers to challenge his own acceptance of these limitations. Although Myers has certainly aspired to a life beyond what most people he knows are facing, he has done so by attempting to, in his words, “reject [his] identity as a black and take another identity”—most obviously, by modeling his own writing on that of various white authors (179). Ultimately, however, these efforts prove pointless, because—as Myers himself recognizes—identity isn’t just a matter of personal choice: “Being Afro-American, or black, was being imposed on me by people who had their own ideas of what those terms meant” (177). In other words, part of personal identity stems from the perceptions of others, as well as from social context more broadly. That being the case, Myers can’t simply refuse to be black, but he can find ways of thinking about that identity positively.

At this point in his life, however, Myers isn’t able to think of his race in these terms. Instead, he attempts to embrace an identity as an outcast who doesn’t truly fit into either black or white society. This is in large part why Frank’s friendship appeals to Myers; Frank is also an outsider, not only by virtue of his criminal record, but also (having grown up in a white neighborhood) in racial terms. However, Myers’s connection to Frank ultimately leads him into trouble, and it’s unclear in any case whether it’s truly possible to base a sense of community solely on shared social isolation; as Myers admits, “Frank didn’t read, and we didn’t have a lot to talk about except what was bothering us” (161). Myers’s attempts to identify with literary outsiders are similarly unproductive. After reading The Stranger, for instance, Myers tries to imitate Camus by describing his experiences from a detached and clinical perspective, but ultimately finds himself resembling the character more than the writer. Embracing his outsider status, in other words, does not give Myers the feeling of control over his life that he currently lacks.

With all that said, this period of Myers’s life isn’t a complete waste. Although Myers suffers the effects of having few writers like himself to look up to, the works he does read prompt him to think about his writing in new ways. Penguin Island, for instance, teaches Myers that a novel can be “less about what [Myers] considered to be the classic story form—the interplay between characters at a point of crisis—than […]about a broad presentation of the author’s point of view” (145). On an even more basic level, the personalized reading lists Myers’s teachers provide him with encourage him to think about the relationship between what he reads and what he writes, which serves him well when he finally reads Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues.” Finally, his teacher’s encouraging words themselves play a pivotal role in inspiring Myers to once again take up writing after previously abandoning it.

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