73 pages • 2 hours read
Philip K. DickA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Officer Crams and Deckard arrive at the new Hall of Justice. Deckard is surprised by the apparent existence of “two parallel police agencies” (64). After being accused of murder and impersonating a police officer, he tries to phone Iran but a stranger picks up the call. Deckard is interviewed by Inspector Garland. After listening to Deckard’s claims of being a bounty hunter and inspecting Deckard’s possessions, Garland “nervously” reveals that he is the next name on Deckard’s list. He summons a “tall, fleshless” bounty hunter named Phil Resch. Garland and Resch interrogate Deckard. They know nothing about the Voigt-Kampff test but want to use a test of their own on Deckard. The two interrogators disagree over what should be done with him. Resch believes that his superiors—including Garland—should all be tested in case they are secretly androids. He believes that a police department would be “the best place for an android” (67) to hide. A lab report arrives, confirming that the dead Polokov was, in fact, an android. Resch decides to believe Deckard’s story, and the men agree to test one another. Resch insists that Garland should also be tested.
Resch fetches the equipment to test Garland. While he is out of the room, Garland points a laser at Deckard. He confesses that both he and Resch are androids but admits that Resch isn’t aware of this. The entire new Hall of Justice is run by androids in an attempt to thwart the bounty hunters. Garland recognizes the names on Deckard’s list of rogue androids. He arrived on Earth with the other androids several months ago, while Resch’s arrival was slightly delayed because he was being implanted with a “synthetic memory system” (69) that makes him think that he is human.
When Resch returns, Garland attacks him. Resch kills Garland and asks Deckard what should be done next. Deckard warns Resch that the entire police department is “android-infested”; he does not reveal that Resch is an android, though he fears that not doing so is “cruel and unethical” (71). They exit the interrogation room. Resch handcuffs his wrist to Deckard’s, allowing them to pretend that he is escorting a prisoner. As they walk, Resch speculates as to why he could not identify Garland as an android. His faltering comments cause Resch to doubt his own humanity; since memory implantation only affects androids, Resch suspects that he might be an android. Deckard tries to distract Resch by suggesting that they find Luba Luft. Resch anxiously asks Deckard to test whether he is an android once they find her.
Deckard and Resch return to the opera house to search for Luba Luft. They widen their search to a nearby museum, where they follow her through an Edvard Munch exhibit and examine a picture of a “hairless, oppressed creature with a head like an inverted pear, its hands clapped in horror to its ears, its mouth open in a vast, soundless scream” (73). When they finally corner Luba and try to take her into custody, she insists that Resch is also an android. Eventually, she agrees to go peacefully if Deckard provides her with a copy of Munch’s painting titled Puberty. Deckard purchases a book containing a print of the painting. This act of kindness impresses Luba, who continues “needling” Resch about being an android. Resch becomes annoyed and points his laser at Luba. Deckard tries to stop Resch, insisting that they have not yet run the Voigt-Kampff test, but Resch kills Luba. Standing beside her dead body, Resch talks to Deckard about whether he might be an android. Deckard admits that he plans to quit bounty hunting once this assignment is over. He suggests that androids would be better bounty hunters than humans.
The men leave the museum. Deckard runs the Voigt-Kampff test on Resch, who passes as human. Deckard is not satisfied with the results; he believes that Resch’s “empathic, role-taking ability” (78) seems defective as he is unable to empathize with androids. While Resch agrees that this is an issue, he argues that empathy for androids would break the test. Deckard thinks about his own empathy for androids. He believes that he can empathize with female androids, and Resch taunts him, suggesting that Deckard is not empathizing with the androids so much as he is sexually attracted to them. Resch tells Deckard that perhaps he should have sex with the next female android he tracks down, so long as he can eliminate her after. Deckard wonders whether he has the mindset to be a good bounty hunter.
Isidore purchases expensive “blackmarket” (81) groceries in the hope that Pris may agree to have dinner with him. When he offers her the groceries, she does not want to eat but she is interested in his company. Isidore believes that Pris’s apparent loneliness is the cause of her unhappiness. Pris rejects this assertion, claiming that she has seven friends. However, she admits that a bounty hunter may have attacked several of her friends recently. Isidore is confused by the idea of a bounty hunter. When Pris explains that bounty hunters hunt and kill people like her, he is appalled by this crime against Mercerism. Isidore assures Pris that he will protect her.
During their conversation, Pris worries that she made “the sort of slip an android makes” (83). Fortunately for Pris, Isidore is willing to believe that her slightly strange behavior is easily explained by her recent arrival on Earth. Pris talks about life on Mars, explaining that she and her friends recently traveled to Earth from Mars because life in the colony was terrible. She describes the drug addiction that she developed to deal with the terrible conditions on Mars. Their conversation is interrupted by someone knocking on the door. At Pris‘s request, Isidore answers. Standing outside are Roy Baty and Irmgard Baty, the final missing androids on Deckard‘s list. They are Pris’s best friends.
Deckard’s trip to the parallel police department occurs at the mid-point of the novel. In this moment, Deckard is forced to reckon with the existence of a world beyond his own. Androids are able to establish and operate an entire, separate administrative bureaucracy in plain sight. For a man who hunts androids for a living, Deckard’s certainty about the world is completely undermined. The androids are smarter, more capable, and more numerous than he could possibly have imagined. Deckard meets Resch in this fake police department. Like the department itself, Resch exists in a strange, liminal space. As a human who works for androids, he is an inversion of the social order. Resch is an authentic person who works for an artificial police department, unlike the artificial androids who work for authentic human institutions. The revelation that he has been working for androids destabilizes Resch. He can no longer be certain of anything, including his own humanity. Garland insists that Resch is an android who was implanted with fake memories though Resch can pass the Voigt-Kampff test. He demonstrates enough humanity to win Deckard’s acceptance, if not his trust. Resch is a particularly unempathetic man, which again blurs the lines between the authentic and the artificial. If empathy is the only thing that separates humans from androids, Resch’s inability to show empathy diminishes his humanity. Resch may technically be human, Deckard believes, but that does not mean that he is good. This tension regarding Artificiality deepens Deckard’s doubts and forces him to confront the idea of what humanity truly is.
Together, Resch and Deckard arrest Luba Lift. They find her in an art exhibition and, after a short struggle, Resch kills Luba in cold blood. Deckard is annoyed that he did not follow procedure, but Resch insists that there is no value in empathizing with androids. Resch’s response to Luba’s death reveals that he and Deckard are on diverging paths. Resch’s experience with Garland reaffirms his hatred of androids. He does not simply struggle to empathize with them, he takes pleasure in killing them because he does not consider them human at all. Conversely, Deckard is experiencing a crisis of conscience. Resch’s actions appall him to the extent that he deliberately embraces a contrarian viewpoint. He struggles to kill and takes pleasure in searching for empathetic relationships with his targets. Through Essential Empathy, Deckard hopes that he can discover the humanity that Resch lost.
Luba’s death reiterates her role as a performer. She spends time in the art exhibit before Resch kills her, and in the final moments of her death, she mimics the pose of one of the exhibit’s more famous paintings. With this, Luba’s death becomes a performance of human emotion but remains devoid of actual originality. Luba lacks the empathy needed to be an artist or to invent something of her own. Instead, she can only imitate the art of others. Luba’s existence is a performance of humanity, right down to the moment of her death. In this sense, she died as she lived, reflecting back the genuine emotion of others in an attempt to convince the world of her humanity.
By Philip K. Dick