58 pages • 1 hour read
Henry WoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Isabel, now going by the name Madame Vine, is working for an English family traveling abroad that employs her as the governess to their daughter, Helena Crosby. Helena has just become engaged, and Isabel’s services are no longer needed. Isabel is now unrecognizable due to a change in height (resulting from injuries in the accident), scars on her face, gray hair, and her use of colored glasses; even when she has encountered people who previously knew her, no one has recognized her. Coincidentally, Afy is in the same German town as Isabel because she is traveling with her employer. When Afy runs into Isabel, Isabel takes the opportunity to ask about East Lynne: She learns that Archibald and Barbara have married and that her own second child (William) is in ill health. Barbara has also given birth to a son.
Afy’s employer, hearing that Isabel is soon going to be without a job, suggests that Isabel work as a governess at East Lynne since Archibald and Barbara are currently looking for a woman to fill that position. Isabel hesitates but is desperate to see her children again, so she agrees to take the position.
Isabel arrives at East Lynne, and no one recognizes her. When Isabel and Barbara speak, it emerges that Barbara is not overly interested in nurturing her stepchildren and is also not concerned about William’s health. Isabel claims that she is a widow who has also lost several children; this cover story helps to explain why she seems sad when she sees the loving relationship between Barbara and Archibald.
Isabel meets the children, who do not recognize her. She also notices that William does seem to be suffering from a severe illness; while Barbara and Wilson (the servant in charge of the children) are unconcerned, Archibald is more unsure about his son’s health. Isabel immediately begins to tend to William more carefully.
Mrs. Hare visits Isabel, and the two of them reminisce about the pain of losing and missing a child. Mrs. Hare also admits that Archibald loved his first wife intensely. Increasingly, Isabel is tormented by regret and suffering when she sees Barbara as a wife and mother.
Isabel has been at East Lynne for 6 months; she has nursed little William but remains afraid that he is not healthy. West Lynne is in need of a new member of Parliament, and many people suggest that Archibald run for office. Archibald is surprised at first but comes to like the idea. Barbara is supportive but adamant that she does not want to spend long periods of time separated from her husband; she wants to accompany him to London when he is required to go there for official duties.
Despite his inheritance, Francis has run out of money and gone into debt again. He and his wife, Lady Alice, have a very unhappy marriage, and she often wishes she could leave him. Francis has gotten involved in politics and is given the chance to run as MP for West Lynne, opposing Archibald. At first, Francis hesitates, but he needs the position (which will ensure he doesn’t get sent to prison for debt). Before agreeing to run, he sends a message, and an undisclosed recipient confirms that Otway Bethel (one of the men who was nearby on the night Hallijohn was killed) is not in West Lynne.
Archibald and the other residents of West Lynne learn that Francis Levinson is also running for office; many people are very angry and offended. Lord Mount Severn and his young son, William Vane, come to stay at East Lynne; William has a crush on Lucy and hopes to marry her one day. Isabel is very shocked and agitated when she learns Francis will be running for office since she fears that he will recognize her. One day, Isabel’s glasses fall off, and Cornelia is struck by her resemblance her former sister-in-law.
When Francis first arrives in West Lynne to begin campaigning, local men drag him through the streets and throw him into a pond. After seeing Isabel without her glasses, Cornelia is suspicious; she questions Joyce as to whether Joyce has ever noticed a resemblance between the governess and the former Lady Isabel and even asks whether Isabel’s death was verified. Meanwhile, Archibald gives Isabel permission to take William to a specialist since they are both still concerned about the young boy’s health.
As the campaigning continues, Otway unexpectedly returns to West Lynne. He seems confused when he sees Francis, and Francis seems very uncomfortable. Another man, seeing the confrontation, jokes about Francis having once used the pseudonym Thorn while wooing Afy; Mr. Dill, Archibald’s assistant (who knows all about Richard’s case and the mystery of a man named Thorn) overhears. Dill rushes to tell Archibald that Francis is the man who was wooing Afy and whom Richard believes to be the murderer.
Meanwhile, Barbara has become more convinced that Francis is the man who went by Thorn, and she summons Richard to West Lynne to confirm this. Barbara then tells her theory to her husband, and Barbara and Archibald agree that Francis must be the man in question. However, Archibald points out that he can’t make claims against Francis because people will assume he is just trying to get revenge on his first wife’s lover.
William confides to Isabel that he knows he is dying; Isabel tries to reassure him, but continues to be very afraid for her son’s health. Barbara confides to Isabel the mystery around Hallijohn’s murder and her efforts to clear Richard’s name. She also tells Isabel that it is now more or less certain that Francis was the man who actually killed Hallijohn. Isabel is more horrified than ever to learn that she threw away her happiness to be with a murderer.
Richard arrives at East Lynne, and Barbara shares all of the information and conclusions indicating that Francis is the man who went by the name Thorn and murdered Hallijohn. Richard is frightened by the idea of making an accusation against Levinson. Before taking any action, Richard observes Levinson from a distance and confirms his identity at last. Archibald goes to see another local lawyer named Mr. Ball and explains to him that Richard wants to reopen the murder case; he confirms that the lawyer will not immediately press any charges against Richard himself and arranges for Richard to meet with Ball.
Richard meets with Ball and explains his story. Ball does further investigation and gets confirmation from another man that Levinson used the pseudonym Thorn while courting Afy. Ball eventually decides to prosecute the case and goes to meet with the local magistrates.
A specialist confirms that William is fatally ill and will die within months. Isabel is devastated. Meanwhile, Justice Hare is shocked to hear that Francis is going to be investigated for Hallijohn’s murder; he wonders whether it is possible that his own son, Richard, could have been innocent all along.
Isabel’s return to East Lynne in disguise heightens the tension and melodrama of the plot, as well as developing the motif of disguised identities. Isabel, Francis, and Richard are all drawn back to West Lynne even though it is dangerous for them to return. While sensation fiction explores dangers associated with modernity, it also tends to highlight the return of the past—especially secrets and attempts at concealment. Francis knows he is taking a risk by returning to a community where he once committed a crime, and Isabel knows that she risks discovery, but both of them decide to take the chance. Isabel is motivated by her passionate love for her children, which adds complexity to her character: Although she initially abandons them, she longs for reunion afterward. While motifs of disguise and secrecy prompt speculation about whether individuals are ever truly what they seem, Wood’s characters often display consistency in their essential natures. Francis remains corrupt and selfish and therefore must keep taking dangerous risks (he has to run for office because he is once again in financial trouble), and Isabel, despite her one great mistake, remains loving and loyal.
Isabel’s return derives much of its pathos from the fact that she doesn’t just lurk at the periphery of the domestic space she once inhabited: She enters right into the heart of it. This means that her return involves not only the risk of being exposed but also the masochistic experience of watching her rival, Barbara, assume her former role. Authority, status, and affection are now reversed: Isabel reflects, “[H]ow would she like to live as a subordinate where she once reigned, the idolized lady” (456). The theme of Jealousy Leading to Irrational Decisions continues to play out, as Isabel is partially drawn to return because she frets about Barbara living in her former home. While Barbara is confident, happy, and secure in her new role as wife and mother, she remains unaware that her home is now being literally haunted by a link to the past.
Isabel’s employment as a governess is also what gives her return a slightly menacing air; readers may know that Isabel means no harm, but her infiltration of the supposedly sacrosanct domestic space reveals that that space is not so sacrosanct after all, playing on titillating fears about what possibilities might be lurking in the past of an unknown woman with an intimate role within a household. Relatedly, her status underscores the tension between her former and present roles, developing the theme of The Anxieties and Opportunities of Unstable Social Positions. Governesses were often women who had previously been among the upper classes themselves; as Barbara remarks upon meeting Isabel in her disguise, “[T]here is no mistaking the tone of a gentlewoman” (466). As a result, there was often an element of class ambiguity and even class embarrassment implicit in this role; the line between being a woman who employed a governess and being a woman who worked as one was thinner than Victorian society was comfortable admitting.
The close proximity of the two women also enables juxtaposition, particularly in their attitudes toward children. Barbara adores her own infant but is somewhat aloof toward her stepchildren, cooly admitting, “I never was fond of being troubled with children” (464). While Barbara doesn’t outright neglect or mistreat them, Isabel seems much more affectionate and attuned to their needs, especially regarding the health of her older son, William. Isabel’s love and nurturing tendency continue to add complexity to her character and prompt ethical questions about how much she “needs” to suffer and whether she should be considered “redeemed.” It also reflects the elevation of the role of the mother in the Victorian era (sometimes thought to have been influenced by Queen Victoria’s own childbearing and rearing of a family while on the throne).
While Isabel and Barbara are contrasted with one another in the domestic space, the parliamentary election puts Archibald and Francis in direct conflict. The history of romantic rivalry between the two men raises the stakes of the election, which also contrasts traditional models of authority associated with the titled and landed aristocracy versus the rising social clout of working professionals who have largely earned their income and purchased their property. Archibald embodies values of integrity, chivalry, and service to the community; he contains his personal anger toward Francis and ensures that the circumstances surrounding both the election and the trial are scrupulously fair. He represents the ideal Victorian gentleman, whereas Francis (despite his status as a lord) is villainous, selfish, and reckless.