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47 pages 1 hour read

Louisa May Alcott

Eight Cousins

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1874

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Part 4, Chapters 15-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4, Chapter 15 Summary: “Ear-Rings”

While Rose is laid up on the couch recovering from her ankle sprain, she is visited by Ariadne Blish, a young woman Rose dislikes. Ariadne secretly feels similarly, thinking that Rose is snobbish, but is pushed by her mother to visit owing to the respectability of the Campbell family and their status in society. Rose uses the opportunity to boast of her superior talent in French, which incites Ariadne to get even by showing off her new earrings. This sparks Rose’s jealousy, for “the desire of her girlish soul was to have her ears bored” (226). Ariadne peer pressures Rose into allowing Ariadne to pierce her ears, against Rose’s better judgment.

Later at dinner, Rose shames Pokey through a theatrical moral tale meant to entertain the boys, exposing that Pokey stole a bread roll from a basket and causing her to cry. In revenge for Pokey, Jamie reveals his knowledge of Rose’s secretly pierced ears to everyone, disappointing Uncle Alec and Mac, who had foolishly hoped Rose to be above “the weakness of her sex for jewelry” (237). Nevertheless, her uncle forgives the abashed Rose, promising her a set of gold earrings to wear.

Part 4, Chapter 16 Summary: “Bread and Button-Holes”

Rose surprises Uncle Alec by seeking his advice on a trade to pursue so that, if she ever loses her fortune, she will be able to provide for herself. Uncle Alec suggests that she learn the practical art of housekeeping, which he values for its effect on the family who lives there. He suggests that she learns from Aunt Plenty, who is a domestic powerhouse. He challenges Rose to demonstrate her accomplishment in cooking by baking a “handsome, wholesome loaf” of bread from scratch (244). This task of teaching Rose flatters Aunt Plenty, and Rose decides to include Aunt Peace as well and learns how to darn socks and sew buttonholes. Uncle Alec cheekily admits that while he can sew and cook well enough, he’s unable to make “bread and buttonholes” (253).

Part 4, Chapter 17 Summary: “Good Bargains”

Rose catches Charlie and Archie smoking on a Sunday, after their mother has asked them not to, and chastises them. Charlie suggests that if she wants him to give up smoking, then Rose should take out her earrings. To his surprise, she agrees, believing that Charlie’s smoking is a bad influence on the other boys and that the sacrifice would be worth it for her cousins’ sake.

Uncle Alec and Aunt Jessie walk in and hear of the deal, approving of Rose’s choice. Aunt Jessie suggests that Will and Geordie should give up reading popular adventure novels, which teach the boys to admire heroes who are shallow and vainglorious rather than wholesome. Aunt Jessie insists that her sons throw their books into the fire where Archie and Charlie threw their cigars. Uncle Alec praises Rose for her influence on the boys’ development into moral young men.

Part 4, Chapter 18 Summary: “Fashion and Physiology”

Aunt Clara has Rose try on a winter outfit that looks fashionable but restricts Rose’s movement. However, Uncle Alec has pre-empted Aunt Clara and ordered an unusually constructed but practical winter outfit for Rose to try. While Rose puts on the alternative outfit in her room, Uncle Alec argues with Aunt Clara about Rose’s figure, which she complains is getting “stout.” Uncle Alec praises Rose’s healthy shape and banishes the corset, which he calls an “instrument of torture” (281).

Rose comes out wearing Uncle Alec’s simple but practical outfit. She praises the comfort of its fit and her ability to move freely in it, which she demonstrates by hopping over a chair. When given the choice of the two, Rose decides she prefers the one in which she can move easily, despite being attracted to the finery of the other. Then, Uncle Alec announces that he is going to teach Rose physiology.

Part 4, Chapter 19 Summary: “Brother Bones”

Aunt Myra walks in on one of Rose’s physiology lessons, for which Uncle Alec has brought a real anatomical skeleton to use as a model, which startles the older woman. When Rose eagerly describes what she has learned about bones, Aunt Myra claims that thinking about such things is unladylike and causes her to feel squeamish. Rose invites Mac to join the lesson, feeling that learning from Uncle Alec’s lectures might cheer him up. Uncle Alec switches the lesson plan and teaches the science of sight, which shocks Mac to learn. He vows to take better care of his eyes in future, wondering why his parents never taught him such useful things.

The boys try to spook Rose with the skeleton, but she is too wily and realizes their trick. She chastises them for treating the skeleton without respect. Uncle Alec explains that the skeleton was a gift to science donated to him by a patient who knew that he was dying and wanted to help the doctors who had cared for him.

Part 4, Chapters 15-19 Analysis

This section of the novel deepens the exploration of The Development of Moral Consciousness as Rose goes through a series of events that test how well she has grown. Rose’s social grace is tested during Ariadne’s visit, and she enters with “her company face” (222), having learned proper etiquette from her uncle and spending time with Aunt Clara and her many visitors. However, young Rose finds it difficult to not be prideful about her French talent and jealous of Ariadne’s trinkets. The novel satirizes the animosity between the young women, farcically describing Ariadne’s desire to puncture Rose’s ears by comparing her to a blood sucker “hovering over her prey like a vampire” (227). Alcott hints at the societal pressure on young women to marry well, resulting in the girls being pitted against each other—implicitly, to win an eligible bachelor’s affections. Ultimately, Rose loses the battle of the earrings with Ariadne but wins the day by having the favor of her cousins. Later, when Rose gives up her precious earrings for the good of her cousins, she is redeemed for her female “weakness” by making a motherly sacrifice, restoring the balance of gendered propriety.

Uncle Alec’s experimental methods of parenting are also put to the test in this section of the novel. In Chapter 18, his unorthodox views of fashion are challenged by Aunt Clara, who is established as a successful socialite and fashion elite. Once again, humor is used to critique conventional women’s fashion choices through the physical comedy of Rose attempting to run in Clara’s dress: “Her boot-heels caught on a rug, several strings broke, her hat tipped over her eyes, and she plunged promiscuously into a chair” (278). This send-up of Clara’s ideas of a practical street outfit discredits the image of conventional female style and beauty. In addition, the imagery of the whalebone corset as “metal gate-posts” creates a painful image (281). When Uncle Alec professes that “[n]ature knows how to mold a woman better than any corset-maker” (280), his argument is designed to appeal to 19th-century Christian sentiment which holds a reverent view of the natural world and God’s creations. The novel uses humor and intellectual dialogue to promote bold ideas about femininity and child-rearing.

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