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The stories in Fresh Ink explore the importance of having collective support in order to push back against hate and exclusion. Characters throughout the collection experience intolerance from others in the form of racism, gender bias, anti-gay bias, and other exclusionary behavior: They’re bullied, abused, and made to feel as though their lives are invalid. Additionally, however, the stories reveal that having support from others not only makes it easier to stand up to hate but also gives people a stronger voice of resistance.
For example, in “Don’t Pass Me By,” Doobie faces daily bullying and racism both directly from his peers and indirectly through the school as a whole. The school is mostly white, and Indigenous American students like Doobie, who come from the “Rez,” are often mistreated and bullied by other students, unless (as Doobie’s friend Hayley and many others do) they do their best to appear “white,” in effect abandoning their Indigenous heritage to fit in. Doobie, however, can’t do this due to his appearance and consequently doesn’t fit in and takes the brunt of the abuse. Throughout the story, he endures this abuse, and even the curriculum makes him feel like an outsider. In health class, he notes that the Annie doll on which they practice CPR is white and that the diagram from which they learn about sex has instructions to color the skin with the lighter, “flesh”-colored pencil. Even his teacher, Mr. Corker, perpetrates ignorance, allowing other students to bully Doobie and commenting that the white Annie doll should be cleaned so that it’s “normal colored” (46). Throughout the story, Doobie lacks collective support, but at the end, he finally stands up to Mr. Corker in his own way by using the brown pencil to color in his sex education diagram. Even as he does so, he imagines going up to Hayley, helping her wipe off her makeup, “glimps[ing] the Indian girl [he] used to know,” and “press[ing] [his] fingers lightly to her neck, where the makeup [is] thinner, and linger[ing] to feel a pulse” (54). These feelings (his desire to bring Hayley back as a friend and stop her from trying to be white) reflect his desire and need for support to stand up to the hate around him.
While Doobie doesn’t ever find collective support, Jasmine in “Once Voice: A Something In-Between Story” eventually finds the support she seeks to stand up to racist events on her college campus. Throughout the story, she experiences three jarring instances of racism: racist graffiti, racist words written on an African American student’s car, and her own harassment at the gym. These events make her question her safety and her feelings of belonging and “compound[] this feeling that no matter what [she] d[oes] right, someone [i]s watching, waiting to pull [her] out of line, throw [her] in a detention center, then on an airliner with a one-way ticket to the Philippines” (135). As an immigrant, she was never fully comfortable with the idea of belonging, but these events put it at the forefront of her mind, making it real for her that some people don’t want her in the country at all. However, Jasmine eventually finds support in the form of a campus protest, during which “hundreds of students flood[] the quad, all to reclaim the space the graffiti briefly tried to inhabit. [The students] need[] to cleanse the toxicity [and] take back the air” (144). With the help of others who feel the way she does, she can “claim that space for [herself]” and “realize that [she] truly ha[s] a place and purpose at Stanford” (144). In realizing that she’s not alone, Jasmine finds the support she needs to feel as though she belongs.
Similarly, in the story “Catch, Pull, Drive,” transgender student Tommy struggles with coming out but finds support through his mother and a teammate. The night he decides to come out to everyone through Facebook, he begins to cry and stresses over posting. Finding him upset in his room, his mom consoles him and repeatedly tells him how “strong” he is, saying, “Normal is overrated. There is no normal […] You are so strong, baby, you are so st-strong” (168). This support from his mother gives Tommy the courage to post his story and reveal who he is to the world. The next day after practice, Tommy is initially hesitant to enter the locker room, afraid that his teammates will keep bullying him. However, he immediately finds support in Parker, who uses his new name and follows him into the locker room. However, once he’s there, Roman immediately begins bullying him, calling him a “fag.” Again, though, Parker continues to support Tommy, and he finally stands up to Roman and tells him to shut up. As Tommy notes, “Parker’s found courage. I find myself standing up, too” (171). With Parker, he tells Roman to back off, insulting his intelligence and bullying him back. Although he struggled throughout practice, receiving no support from his coach or teammates, this act by Parker in the locker room gives Tommy the strength to stand up for himself. Both Tommy’s mother and Parker support his efforts to combat hate, which ultimately gives him the courage he needs to be his true self.
As these stories show what it’s like to face ignorance, hate, and abuse as a member of a minority group, they also reveal how one can overcome hate through collective support. Although Doobie never fully receives that support, he desperately needs it and dreams of what it would be like to have Hayley there with him. Jasmine and Tommy, however, find support that gives them the strength to stand their ground and claim their right to exist without fear and prejudice.
As the stories explore the lives of characters from different cultural backgrounds, one common thread is the importance of holding onto one’s roots. Whether those roots involve cooking, ancestry, or simply acknowledgement and representation, the characters discover the power that their culture holds and strive to hold onto it and make it a part of their lives.
In “Why I Learned to Cook,” Yasi meets each Friday with her grandmother, who cooks her Iranian food. However, she’s uneasy about introducing her girlfriend, Hannah, to her grandmother or telling her that she’s bisexual. The generational and cultural gap between Yasi and her grandmother makes it difficult to talk about relationships: Yasi is uncomfortable with the idea of discussing the subject and unsure of how her grandmother would react to learning of Yasi’s sexual orientation. However, wanting to close the gap between her family and her girlfriend, Yasi decides to invite Hannah over for dinner and even to cook for her. As Yasi learns to cook, she begins to realize how important cooking Iranian food is to her grandmother. While shopping for ethnic food ingredients, she realizes that these markets allow her grandmother to feel at home: “[T]hey had shelves full of items from different countries, all to remind the shoppers of their favorite dishes from places they or their relatives had a connection to” (95). Additionally, Yasi comments that what she “love[s] most about preparing [these dishes] [is] spending time with Grandma and hearing about how her mother had prepared those meals” (96). She realizes that cooking serves a higher purpose for her grandmother, as it’s steeped in memory and connects her to the life she left behind in Iran. The story’s title thus applies both to this connection with her grandmother and to the fact that she learns to cook in order to feel comfortable enough to bring Hannah into the fold of her family. In fact, her grandmother reveals that when she used to cook for her husband, he told her that the food was delicious “because [she] put so much love into it” (99). Likewise, her grandmother can see Yasi’s love for Hannah through her cooking. Yasi and her grandmother both connect to their cultural roots through cooking, which strengthens their bond and helps Yasi and Hannah grow their relationship as well.
In “Paladin/Samurai,” Owen is distraught that he isn’t allowed to be a samurai in the fantasy game he plays with his friends. Although minor, this issue is important to Owen, who connects with his mother’s Japanese heritage and feels that it’s important to represent a historical warrior from his culture. By barring Owen from doing so, Wujae is erasing Owen’s culture. When Owen angrily leaves to go across the street to a party, he faces a bully from his school, Dusty, who ignorantly refers to Owen’s friends as “Kimchi and his boyfriend” (152). This, coupled with the incident from the game, pushes Owen over the edge: He punches Dusty and gains the approval of the girl he likes and his friends. At the story’s conclusion, Owen and his friends continue their game but can now form a new bond over it because Wujae allows Owen to be a samurai. This small change allows Owen to feel as though his culture has representation, something that is often lacking for people of ethnic backgrounds.
“A Stranger at the Bochinche” explores how important culture can be in both the physical and the metaphysical sense. When a stranger enters the Bochinche nightclub and steals Rosie’s notebook, it leads to the discovery that he’s from another world and has been regularly stealing Ramses and Rosie’s people’s stories of history and culture. This reveals the power of these songs and stories: In the fantasy, they physically allow him to open portals and subvert their culture for his own needs. In addition to this physical use of culture, the story reveals the importance of their cultural roots in connecting with their ancestors and drawing power from them. As Ramses enters the stranger’s hideout, he “let[s] another silent prayer rise inside him, the one said to call on one’s warrior spirits before battle, and we gather[] in the thick air around him” (106). The narrator of the story is part of Ramses’s ancestry, who can help Ramses in his struggle. Whether this is possible outside the realm of the story is irrelevant; Ramses believes in prayer and draws strength directly from his people’s history and his ancestors. Through this battle of good and evil, the story conveys the importance of staying connected to one’s cultural roots and drawing on that connection for strength.
In all of these stories, the protagonists battle in different ways to hold onto their cultural roots. Yasi builds relationships with her grandmother and girlfriend, Owen stands up for his culture and gains the representation he needs with his friends, and Ramses’s people find strength through their deep cultural roots. These situations reveal the importance of being connected to one’s culture, which in turn encourages readers from minority backgrounds to take pride in who they are.
One central goal of the collection Fresh Ink, according to editor Lamar Giles, is to help readers find a character “who looks like you, or thinks like you, or feels like you” (2). In “Eraser Tattoo,” “Meet Cute,” and “One Voice,” the authors give a glimpse into the experience of being a minority and struggling with the complications of young love because of the issues that marginalized people face. In much literature throughout history, these issues have been absent because it focused on heteronormative, white relationships.
In “Eraser Tattoo,” the two main characters, Shay and Dante, are on the verge of being separated due to gentrification and Shay’s family’s loss of their apartment. As the narrator notes, the apartment was “bought out from under them” (6), and her family “wasn’t even out of the house before [the new family] started moving in all their shit” (12). Their building is sold, and the family is evicted, forced from their home with little notice and replaced by a white family in an effort by the buyer to gentrify the area. As a result, Shay and Dante are separated, and Shay’s family must move to North Carolina. Throughout the story, as the two friends reminisce about their relationship, their situation and deep feelings for each other portray the real consequences of gentrification.
“Meet Cute” presents another type of nontraditional relationship through the two female characters, Nic and Tamia. As the two meet, they bond over defending Nic as she’s bullied by men in line with her. She’s harassed by a group of guys who criticize her decision to cosplay as a gender-flipped Sulu, telling her that it “looks so lame” and that they “hate it when girls think they can cosplay men” (15). The boys’ reaction represents just one common response to anything “atypical” in society and the type of reaction that queer individuals fear from a romantic interest if they pursue their feelings and that person isn’t also queer. It’s no wonder that, given this type of harassment from outsiders, Nic and Tamia struggle throughout the story to express their feelings for each other. The two make subtle attempts to discover the other’s sexual orientation but fear asking outright because of how the question could be received: Embarrassment, discomfort, annoyance, or even anger could result from incorrectly pursuing a queer love interest.
The relationship between Royce and Jasmine in “One Voice” conveys the issues that can arise for couples from different ethnic backgrounds. As Jasmine struggles to feel a sense of belonging as instances of racism erupt around her, her boyfriend, Royce, struggles to understand why they make her so uncomfortable. Each time they try to discuss the situation, Royce dismisses her feelings in an effort to minimize them and make her feel better. She experiences this as trivialization of her experiences and a lack of empathy for her situation or the power of the events. This frustrates Jasmine, and despite her best efforts to help him understand, he fails to do so. Jasmine doesn’t harbor anger toward Royce or feel that he’s being overtly harmful or intends to hurt her in any way; rather, she recognizes this as a situation in which, because of their differences, he’s unable to support her because he doesn’t understand. Instead, she recognizes that she must seek support elsewhere. Although Jasmine loves Royce and believes that their relationship will survive these issues, their love is complicated by both society’s racism and Royce’s struggle to understand why racism deeply impacts Jasmine.
Each of these stories explores young adult relationships in the context of issues that people of color and queer people typically face. Instead of the liberty that being in a straight, “white” relationship provides, the characters face society’s judgment and prejudice, which adds a deeper level of complexity to their relationships. By depicting these issues and how young people survive them, the authors give young readers dealing with these issues strategies and hope for handling similar complications in their own lives. In addition, the stories help encourage others to consider the perspectives of minority groups and respond with greater sensitivity and empathy.
By Lamar Giles
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