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Tim O'BrienA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Oscar says they should just blow the tunnels, but Lieutenant Sidney Martin refuses to violate the SOPs, even after what happened to Frenchie and Bernie. He asks each man to go down, and as each refuses, Lieutenant Martin writes his name down. Then he goes into the tunnel himself.
Paul sits a ways off and contemplates the lack of birds. He can see Cacciato in the distance, fishing. Oscar lifts a grenade from his belt, saying that Lieutenant Martin “don’ grasp facts” (234), and that it would be “self-fuckin-preservation” (234). He asks everyone to touch the grenade, so it will be unanimous. He sends Paul with the grenade to talk to Cacciato, but then Lieutenant Martin comes out of the hole.
They close the tunnel, and Lieutenant Martin reiterates that this is the procedure they’ll follow. Oscar says he understands.
Paul tries to tell Cacciato that there aren’t any fish, that the name Lake Country is just a joke. But Cacciato has created a fishing pole out of a paperclip, string, and an empty aerosol can for a bobber, and he just holds his finger to his lips when Paul speaks. Cacciato has been out there all day, and the other soldiers are worried he’ll get ill.
In between comments about fish, Paul tells him about the plan to kill Lieutenant Martin. Cacciato says Martin isn’t that bad because he let Cacciato carry the radio one time. But Paul says he has to touch the grenade; that it will happen regardless. He pulls Cacciato’s hand off the fishing line and presses the grenade into it.
Paul returns to camp and puts the grenade in front of Oscar, Eddie, and Doc. He tells them, “You know how it is with fishermen…Mind’s a million miles away” (241). Oscar puts the grenade back on his belt and says, “That’s everyone” (241).
In Tehran, the men are shaved once more, photographed, fed, and put in a cell. Paul wishes for a miracle; as he sits in the observation tower, he contemplates “a cartoon of the mind” (242). Then Cacciato’s face appears at the window, and he slides an M16 through the bars. The door shatters in an explosion, and the men run as Cacciato leads them through the streets. “It was the soldier’s greatest dream—fierce, hard, desperate full-out running” (243).
Cacciato points out a getaway car and disappears; the soldiers climb in. Oscar drives the 1964 Impala. They drive through the streets, Doc navigating, but when Eisenhower Avenue turns into a traffic circle, they discover the ambush. Soldiers and a dozen tanks begin to fire at the car. Stink’s door is open, and he’s crying and screaming. Oscar reverses past the roadblock and makes it on to the expressway. They close Stink’s door and drive out of the city.
Paul drives through the night and thinks about pressing the grenade to Cacciato’s hand. “A sad thing” (247), Cacciato said after Lieutenant Sidney Martin died. Paul crosses the border into Turkey, a land that looks like Old Mexico, and keeps driving. They stop in Salihli for breakfast and gas, and then continue to Izmir.
Paul parks by the harbor, and they walk out onto the longest pier. Everyone is laughing and happy; they’re surrounded by the smell of salt and fish. Paul points to the west and says, “It can be done” (249).
Paul knows the land of Vietnam—Quang Ngai in particular—better than the people. It’s primarily farm country with farms run communally by villages. They grow rice in the paddies, which have a smell that’s alive, if not lovely. Paul has drunk the paddy water and peed in it, despite the warnings.
Aside from the paddies, there are hedgerows twice as tall as a man that surround and shield the villages. “So where the paddies represented ripeness and age and depth, the hedgerows expressed the land’s secret qualities: cut up, twisting, covert, chopped and mangled, blind corner’s leading to dead ends, short horizons always changing” (252).
The earth is red—from high iron content, Doc explains—and coats everything. The trails, also red, are dangerous; they come with the risk of ambush or land mines. But they’re faster and sometimes necessary. Paul notices details: the outward growth of trees and the lack of birds.
Paul had seen pictures and movies depicting poverty—diseases, hunger, death—so when he sees it in person, he isn’t shocked or amazed. He likes the sea best. Quang Ngai moves from beach to paddies to meadows to foothills to mountains, and past the mountains lies Paris.
In chapters 34 and 35, the situation with Lieutenant Sidney Martin, which has been hinted at throughout the novel, comes to a head. Oscar suggests a “solution,” but Paul plays a pivotal role in its realization, as he is the one they send to talk to Cacciato. And Paul decides, perhaps knowing that it would never happen, not to get Cacciato’s real consent. Instead he puts the grenade in Cacciato’s hand and implies to the other men that Cacciato agrees with the plan. Lieutenant Martin’s actual death scene isn’t shown—his is the only death that the novel doesn’t detail—but the context makes it clear that the men kill him. Cacciato is the one person who speaks positively about Lieutenant Martin before he dies and who expresses regret at his death.
Paul thinks about this in Chapter 36 and agrees with Cacciato that Lieutenant Martin’s death is sad. It’s possible that guilt over his part in Lieutenant Martin’s murder is what is truly troubling Paul. We can question whether what Paul does is brave—though he participates in murder, he does it in part to save other lives since Lieutenant Martin’s insistence on protocol was killing his men.
Cacciato is also their savior in Chapter 36, as he’s the catalyst for their ridiculously over-the-top escape, the sort of escape that could never happen in the war. The prison door disappears in a magical explosion, a getaway car appears, and, just when they seem to be surrounded by tanks and soldiers, they’re somehow able to reverse the car easily out of danger and get on the highway. These scenes are complete wish fulfillment, and this part of the journey takes them to the sea, which renews their hope as it seems that they might make it to Paris.
Chapter 37 is further evidence that Paul has taken his father’s advice about looking for the good things to heart. He describes the Vietnamese landscape—so different from home—in great detail, and he lets himself grow close to it in a way that he doesn’t with its people. This perhaps explains why he is desensitized to the poverty that the Vietnamese people live in; he could be forcing himself to stay mentally distant from them because he knows that, as an American soldier, he’s likely to bring them harm. Or perhaps it really is the result of seeing too much of it in the movies, a counterargument to Jolly’s high opinion of American TV, which she extols in Chapter 23.
By Tim O'Brien