logo

57 pages 1 hour read

Amitav Ghosh

Gun Island

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2019

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 2, Chapters 11-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Venice”

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary: “The Ghetto”

Deen arrives in Venice and wanders around the old Jewish conclave, which was historically known as the “Ghetto.” He tries to imagine it through the eyes of the Gun Merchant. He understands why the Merchant felt safe here, as almost everything is humanmade. While daydreaming about the Merchant, Deen finds himself slipping into the perspective of Manasa Devi. He imagines her to be not a wrathful goddess, but an intermediary of communication between humans and snakes. Deen understands that Manasa Devi needed to look for the Merchant because the latter was chasing profit with little regard to what happens to other living beings in the process. Passing underneath some scaffolding, Deen is almost crushed by a falling chunk of plaster, but stops in time when someone calls out a warning in Bangla. Deen discovers that the person is Rafi, who indicates to Deen not to say anything in front of the other workers. Privately, Rafi tells Deen that the others believe he is from Bangladesh. Deen asks Rafi about Tipu, and how he landed up in Venice; Rafi is defensive about the former, and defers telling him about the latter.

Rafi takes Deen to Lubna-khala, a Bangladeshi woman who has been in Venice for two decades, helping migrants like Rafi. She admonishes Rafi for the accident and sends him away. As Deen and Lubna chat, they discover that they are both originally from the same district of Madaripur in Bangladesh. Lubna shows Deen an old picture of her family, who lost everything to a cyclone the year after the picture was taken. Lubna’s family took refuge in a tree during the storm, but it was infested with snakes, and she lost some family members to snake bites. The family of her future husband, Munir, saved her; she married Munir a year later, and they came overseas soon after. Munir passed away a year ago in Sicily.

Deen explains that he is in Venice for a documentary and asks Lubna if she can organize migrants to be interviewed. She agrees, suggesting that Deen start with Rafi. Lubna reveals that Venice is full of Bangla-speaking migrants, pointing out many in the street. Deen is filled with wonder.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary: “Rafi”

Cinta’s apartment is 10 minutes from the “Ghetto,” in a palazzo overlooking the Grand Canal. It stands on the soft mud of the Venetian lagoon, which shifts and changes the alignment of the building above, leaving tiles and door frames perpetually crooked. In the apartment, Deen spots a copy of I Misteri della Giungla Nera—“The Mystery of the Black Jungle” (181), the children’s book by Salgari set in the Sunderbans. As he reshelves it, Cinta calls. He tells her about Rafi, and a laughing Cinta suggests that the Merchant is keeping an eye on Deen. Next, Deen meets with Rafi. However, Rafi refuses to participate in an interview, claiming he is sick of answering questions. Mid-conversation, he cries out in alarm and brushes a spider off Deen’s shoulder, warning Deen to be careful of the many dangerous spiders in Venice. In exchange for some money, he then tells Deen a part of the Gun Merchant’s story that he left out earlier.

After Manasa Devi magically appeared to the Merchant in a book on Gun Island, the Merchant decides to spend the night in the most secure place on the island, and is locked away in a room where guns are made. However, he is bitten by a venomous spider. Rafi explains that one of the symbols at the now-destroyed shrine represented the spider.

Rafi is suddenly distracted and asks Deen to leave. As Deen walks away, he notices a man walk up to Rafi and speak to him threateningly. Back at the apartment, he learns that Gisa has delayed her trip to Venice in order to learn more about Italian officials’ discovery of a boatload of refugees heading from Egypt heading toward Sicily; she must stay in Rome for the time being, as the developing situation of this “Blue Boat,” as it is called in the media, could be an important addition to her documentary.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary: “Strandings”

Unable to sleep, Deen returns a call from Piya, who tells him about an email she received a couple of weeks ago, predicting a mass beaching of Irrawaddy dolphins at Garjontola around daybreak. Believing it to be from a whistleblower in the refinery, Piya arranged to be at Garjontola with a journalist and photographer. At around 8:30 am, the dolphins beached themselves as predicted. Piya and her companions managed to save many, but 20 of the dolphins died. The journalist and photographer ran an article that prompted an environmental lawyer to file a case with the Supreme Court that may help shut down the refinery.

Deen asks Piya how a whistleblower gained access to her personal email ID. She believes that Tipu is involved. He is not in Bangalore, as he claimed—he has been sending Moyna photoshopped pictures, and his phone calls are from international numbers. He has not been heard from in a while, but he sent a message to Moyna on the same day that Piya received the email. Finding research about Venice and passport applications for Tipu and Rafi amongst Tipu’s belongings, Piya and Moyna believe that both men are now in Venice. Piya asks Deen to find Rafi and gain information about Tipu. Deen reveals that he has already met Rafi and promises to ask about Tipu again.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary: “Friends”

Deen is seized by a sense of dread at all that has happened so far and tries to convince himself that the pattern in his encounters with Tipu and Rafi are all coincidental. He tries to call Rafi again but gets no response. He heads down to Lubna’s and finds her watching a news clip about the Blue Boat. The minister has ordered the navy and coast guard to stop the boat at any costs; he has declared that only a miracle will allow the refugees to set foot in Italy. When Deen asks about Rafi, Lubna reveals that he is in the hospital because he was mugged and beaten in a gang attack. She directs Deen to Bilal, Rafi’s housemate, who tells him that Rafi had been carrying a lot of money. Rafi had missed some payments on a loan he had taken from a scafista (trafficker), for a traveling companion from whom he got separated in Turkey. The friend got hurt and went back to Iran, but then called Rafi a few weeks ago to ask for money to make a connection with a dalal.

Bilal describes how he, too, had similarly gotten separated from a friend, Kabir, during his migration from Bangladesh to Sharjah, Sudan, Libya, and eventually Europe by sea. He still holds out hope that he will meet Kabir again one day, and would have unhesitatingly done the same for Kabir as Rafi did for his friend. As Deen walks back to the apartment, he spots the same man whom he saw talking to Rafi, and is sure that this is the scafista. In the apartment, he sees a spider perched on his laptop; he takes a picture of it and posts it to social media. He then sends Piya an email with an update on Rafi, which seems to confirm that Tipu did indeed leave with him, but potentially got separated in Turkey.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary: “Dreams”

Lubna is not at her office the next day when Deen arrives. He meets a man named Palash instead, who explains that Lubna has gone to meet with human rights activist groups that are raising money to send out their own boats and to confront those trying to stop the refugees. Palash believes that the civilians turning up will “speak to the world’s conscience” (218), and suggests that Deen join, too, for the sake of the documentary. Palash also reveals that Rafi is still in the hospital and is being questioned by the police. The unknown muggers stole a large amount of money from him; he was planning to use it to pay back the scafista. The scafistas are all connected to the Mob and have close ties with crime syndicates in other countries like Libya and Egypt. They try to trick migrants like Rafi into bonded labor through debt, shipping them off to work on farms in a modern-day illicit form of indentured servitude. Rafi was probably mugged on the scafista’s orders as part of a ploy to keep him in debt. Palash reveals that Lubna’s husband, Munir, was also possibly killed by the Mob. He had been an activist working for migrants and their cause, and had set out to enquire about a group of migrants held captive on a farm in Sicily. He died in a car crash a few days later.

Deen gets a call from Piya, who has reason to believe that Tipu made it to Egypt. However, Piya still thinks that a whistleblower at the refinery managed to contact Tipu and brushes off the idea that he had a dream or vision about the dolphins. As Deen and her are talking, a friend of Piya’s on social media identifies the spider in Deen’s picture as a brown recluse: an extremely venomous spider. It is the first time Piya has heard of one in Venice, but she is not surprised, as temperatures have been rising across Europe, sending the spider further north.

A shaken Deen heads back to the apartment but sees a flyer advertising an exhibition of a rare book and heads to the library where it is displayed. While there, he loses himself in a daydream and imagines the book to be the same one in which the Merchant saw Manasa Devi. In a daze, he attempts to open the vitrine in which the book is encased and is immediately dragged off by security. He is set free after invoking Cinta’s name, and the librarian places a call to her. On the phone call, Deen also tells Cinta about a possible infestation of spiders in her apartment, and she promises to take care of it. Back at the apartment, the janitor insists that no spiders are to be found. As Deen enters the apartment and closes the door, the Salgari book falls off the shelf. Unnerved, he reshelves it. He drifts off the sleep but awakens in the middle of the night with an unexplained sense of urgency. He hears the thud of something falling, which he ignores and heads to bed.

Part 2, Chapters 11-15 Analysis

As Deen arrives in and explores Venice, numerous parallels between the Italian city and the Sunderbans begin to emerge. For one, the city is full of Bangla-speaking immigrants, which further highlights the theme of The Politics of Travel and Movement, and hearing the language spoken around him makes him feel at home. Among the many migrants populating the city is also Rafi, whom Deen runs into on his first day there. Later, when he hears from Piya about Tipu and Rafi having left the country together, headed for Venice based on Tipu’s visions, he is struck by the strange coincidence of it all, and this intensifies the sense of the supernatural that continues to haunt Deen’s activities.

In an understated parallel to the protagonist’s explorations in India in the first part of the novel, Cinta’s apartment is also reminiscent of the landscape of the Sunderbans, for it is located in a palazzo that stands on a dubiously swampy foundation of soft lagoon mud that is constantly shifting and changing the landscape of the building. This is reminiscent of the Sunderbans itself: the collection of islands and mangrove forests in the Bay of Bengal whose landscape is constantly changing with the ebb and flow of the tide. When Deen visits the shrine in the novel’s early chapters, Horen is unable to find it at first, as the stretch of riverbank has changed over time; a while ago, Piya communicated to Deen that the shrine has been washed away entirely. In this way, the author implies the conceptual connection between the constantly changing landscape of the Sunderbans and the instability of the apartment building that shifts with the high and low tides in Venice. This connection underscores the instability and constantly changing lives of the people who live in both these places, whether they are immigrants or longtime residents.

The theme of Parallels Between Myths and Modern Events also intensifies its hold on the story as more patterns and connections emerge between the Gun Merchant’s legend and the novel’s modern-day plotline. Looking around the “Ghetto,” Deen reflects that the Merchant would have felt safe here because everything is humanmade and there is no space for nature to encroach; such an environment would theoretically prevent Manasa Devi’s minions from harming the Merchant. However, this idea is soon refuted when Rafi tells Deen that the Merchant was stung by a venomous spider even when deep inside Gun Island; significantly, Deen’s two separate encounters with spiders that day further emphasizes this theme and implies that a wordless source of danger is also descending upon the protagonist, just as it once did to the Merchant. Although the author creates an environment in which his protagonist is unnerved by these coincidences, Deen also begins to perceive the allegory behind the legend—the need for Manasa Devi, a conduit between nature and humans, to get humans’ attention so that they will not destroy other living beings in their single-minded pursuit of wealth. In support of this more realistic interpretation of the original myth, even the appearance of the spider can be cast as an unusual but explainable incident, due to the habitat shifts caused by rising global temperatures.

Deen’s reflection on Manasa Devi’s motivation to stop the Merchant therefore connects to the theme of The Conflict Between Humans and Nature, for the desire to amass a fortune is what motivates the Merchant’s travels even as he willfully avoids serving Manasa Devi. This desire for personal wealth remains just as relevant in contemporary times, and the harmful results of rampant greed can be seen when Deen learns about Rafi’s obligations to an unscrupulous scafista, and realizes that such traffickers profit by exploiting migrants and tricking them into bonded labor. The existence of such a system, which Deen sees as modern-day enslavement, is proof of human beings’ willingness to exploit even those of their own kind in the name of profit. Further underlining this is how Lubna-khala’s husband, Munir, died in mysterious circumstances, when trying to fight for the cause of the migrants. It mirrors Cinta’s husband’s death, who had also been speaking out against the Mafia prior to his accident. Such a manner of death is more than just a chance occurrence in the story; it depicts a pattern, indicating that human beings are willing to kill in order to protect their own power and privilege.

It is also important to note that a number of important symbolic items continue to make appearances as the novel progresses. Perhaps the most important of these is the recurring incidents involving snakes and snakebites. This pattern emphasizes the metaphorical presence of Manasa Devi and her divine influence on events as a representation of the power of the natural world. For example, Lubna reveals how she lost members of her family to snakebite while taking refuge in a snake-infested tree during a storm. Similarly, the children’s book by Salgari, which is set in the Sunderbans, is another recurring symbol that appears in front of Deen multiple times in almost supernatural occurrences, bringing to mind the moment in the Gun Merchant’s legend when the goddess appears to the merchant in the pages of a book. Finally, the Blue Boat carrying the refugees is an important symbol and plot point that appears in the book, for the Italian minister openly declares that only a miracle will gain the refugees safe passage into Italy, and Ghosh has already established that this novel is indeed a story about miracles in one form or another.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text