42 pages • 1 hour read
Lauren TarshisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The man isn’t dressed like a soldier: He is wearing work clothes, and his sunbaked face and roughened hands suggest he’s a farmer, the owner of the land they’re hiding on. Max places himself protectively between Zena and the stranger but then notices the man’s kind eyes. The man, named Jablonski, tells them they must move quickly, as the Nazis are already searching the farm. Moments later, they hear truck engines. When Max asks if the Nazis are after them, Mr. Jablonski explains they are hunting for those responsible for blowing up a Nazi train. Max and Zena follow Jablonski to a barn, where he hides them in the hayloft. Max realizes how brave Jablonski is for risking his life to hide Jews, knowing the penalty would be death: “[N]ot everyone had been infected by the Nazis’ hate” (26). An illustration shows Max helping Zena into the hayloft.
As they hide, the barn door bursts open, and Max sees Mr. Jablonski with three Nazi soldiers and a growling German shepherd. Hugging Zena tightly, Max listens as the soldiers explain that the dog led them to the barn. Mr. Jablonski, however, explains that the dog is attracted to the barn because many cats live there. After some hesitation, the soldiers leave, and Mr. Jablonski climbs up to the loft. To Max’s surprise, Jablonski opens a hidden compartment. Three people step out of the small opening, and, one by one, they embrace Mr. Jablonski, who tells them, “[T]hat train was carrying even more weapons than we had thought. It’s all destroyed. The mission was a complete success” (31). Max understands that these are the men who blew up the Nazi train. The men step forward and Max soon realizes one of them is not a man, but his Aunt Hannah.
Once the others leave, Max and Zena are left alone with Aunt Hannah to hug and cry. Max and Zena tell her about their escape from the Nazi soldier, and how Mr. Jablonski saved them. When Hannah asks about their father, the siblings explain he was taken by the Nazis a month ago. Hannah says that she wanted them all to escape the ghetto together, but their father thought it was too dangerous: Like most people, he wanted to believe that if they just went along with the Nazis, everything would be okay. Max asks Aunt Hannah where she went when she escaped, and she reveals that she has been fighting the Nazis with a group of partisans. She explains she is “a special kind of fighter. She did not belong to a real army, with uniforms and shining weapons […] Instead, they worked in small groups, plotting surprise attacks” (35). Aunt Hannah says that there are hundreds of partisan groups hiding in the forests in Poland and other countries. Not all partisans are Jewish, but everyone in Aunt Hannah’s group is, including Martin and Lev, the two men who are there with her. Max notices that Hannah has changed: She now has short hair, wears men’s clothes, and carries an air of “toughness and determination” (37).
Max wonders if a small group of partisans can really stand against the powerful German army. Then, he remembers the Bible story of David and Goliath: a young Jewish boy who defeated Goliath, a terrifying giant and warrior. Goliath had mocked the Jews, daring them to send their best fighter, but only David, a shepherd, stepped up. Goliath laughed at him, but David struck him down with a single shot from his slingshot. As Max looks at Aunt Hannah, he sees the same fierceness in her as David had, and it fills him with hope. He wants to ask her more questions, but there isn’t time. Hannah tells them they need to leave soon. As they follow her to Mr. Jablonski’s house, Zena whispers to Max that the robin did bring them luck. Max, who never believed in lucky birds, begins to think that maybe now he does.
Max, Zena, and the others sit around Mr. Jablonski’s table, which is covered with food: bread, cheese, and apples. To Max, it looks like a feast. He and Zena eat quickly, washing down their bites with milk. An illustration on Page 43 shows the group gathered around the table. Martin, the youngest of the group, is about 17. He’s large, with a quick laugh. Lev, who seems just a little older than Aunt Hannah, is small but muscular. His round glasses give him a shy, bookish appearance, but he’s the leader of their group. Mr. Jablonski is not Jewish or a partisan: He is a spy. He has fooled the Nazis into believing he supports Hitler, even becoming friends with the local Nazi commander, while secretly working with the partisans.
Lev explains that by sundown tomorrow, they’ll reach their camp. He shows Max and Zena a map of where battles are taking place, and Max realizes Germany is losing the war: “[T]he Nazis still controlled most of the countries in Europe, but their grip was slipping” (44). Lev explains that German troops in Russia are running out of supplies and food, and partisans are destroying German trains carrying weapons to Russia, as well as Panzer tanks. Max recalls the “enormous steel beasts rumbling through the streets of Esties” (44), and he feels excited as Lev describes how they destroyed the train earlier: Aunt Hannah, Lev, and Martin had carried explosives from their base in the forest, climbed onto a train bridge and tied the bomb to the underside of the tracks. Max pictures it all and starts wondering what awaits them in the forest.
That night, they begin their journey to Loda Forest, in eastern Poland. They walk through fields and pastures, and by the time they arrive at the forest, the sun has risen. Enormous trees surround them, and it’s dark beneath the thick canopy. As a child, Max had heard horror stories about Loda Forest, tales of wolves and bandits, but Aunt Hannah, Martin, and Lev walk confidently. Soon, Max becomes more comfortable in the forest. He thinks of his father and remembers their games of hide-and-seek. He feels like he can almost hear his voice now: “Max, Zena, where are you?” (51). They know that Nazi planes are flying overhead, searching for partisans, but they feel safe. Their camp is well-hidden on an island in the middle of a swamp.
Max notices that Zena is staring at the ground, and something is wrong with her. Her face is twisted in pain. She finally admits her toe hurts. They stop, and Aunt Hannah removes Zena’s boot to reveal that her big toe is badly injured, the nail nearly torn off. Aunt Hannah explains the boot is too small, but she’s seen worse. She lifts her pant leg and shows them a jagged scar from barbed wire, and Martin points out a scar on his arm. They all laugh as they mention Lev’s scar, which is on his rear end. Aunt Hannah washes Zena’s toe while Lev cuts open her boot, turning it into a sandal. They continue walking when they hear a faint buzzing overhead. “Bombers!” Martin shouts, and moments later, there is a massive explosion behind them.
In Chapters 5 through 8, several new characters are introduced, and the theme of Courage and Humanity in Times of War comes to the forefront. Mr. Jablonski, a spy for the partisans, is a courageous and compassionate man, willing to risk his life to protect Max and Zena despite not being Jewish himself. As he meets Mr. Jablonski, Max reflects that “not everyone had been infected by the Nazis’ hate” (26). His bravery shows how people can still choose to act with kindness and courage even in the darkest of times, and that there is still humanity amidst the cruelty and destruction of war. Aunt Hannah, along with Martin and Lev, also embody this theme. Despite being a small group, they take on dangerous missions to fight the Nazis. The tale of them destroying a Nazi train in Chapter 7 highlights their bravery, as they sneak onto the train bridge to plant explosives. Max’s admiration for their courage is clear as he imagines the scene with excitement.
When Aunt Hannah appears in Chapter 6, now a member of the partisan fighters, it’s a surprising plot twist. Max immediately notices that she has changed:
It wasn’t just her chopped hair and her man’s shirt and trousers. Her dreamy expression had hardened into one of toughness and determination. Aunt Hannah was no longer a carefree teenager from Esties. She was fighting the Nazis! (37).
Once carefree and dreamy, she’s now hardened and practical. In Chapter 8, she doesn’t even flinch when she sees Zena’s injured toe, and she casually shows off her own battle scar. Her transformation shows how war forces people to change in order to survive, marking her as a complex, dynamic character.
Max, who now begins to understand the broader resistance effort, compares Hannah to David from the biblical story of David and Goliath. The story of David and Goliath becomes a metaphor for the partisans’ fight against the Nazis. Just as David, a young boy, defeated the giant Goliath, the partisans are determined to fight against a much stronger force. This metaphor conveys a message of hope in the face of overwhelming odds, reinforcing the idea that even those who seem small and weak can overcome the powerful. The robin, too, reappears as a symbol of hope. Zena reflects, “[T]hat robin did bring us luck” (38), showing how even in a world filled with violence, a small, fragile creature can represent a glimmer of hope. This emphasizes that even tiny, seemingly insignificant elements can bring light and hope. Max, who initially dismissed the idea of a lucky bird, starts to reconsider, marking a subtle change in his character.
Tarshis employs violent imagery to depict the Nazis and the destruction they have caused, conveying the theme of The Impact of War on Individuals and Communities. An example of this is the scene in Chapter 5, where Nazi soldiers search the barn with a growling German shepherd. The dog “growled and strained on a steel chain leash, its snarling teeth glowing in the light of the soldier’s flashlights” (29). The use of onomatopoeia like “Grrrrr” heightens the tension. Max’s memory of Panzer tanks rumbling through the streets of Esties also evokes the fear and devastation caused by the German forces: The tanks represent the crushing force of the Nazis, not just in terms of military might but also the psychological fear they instill. In Chapter 8, the description of Loda Forest as dark and mysterious creates a suspenseful atmosphere. The forest, which reminds Max of childhood tales of wolves and bandits, is eerie and sets the scene for the action that will take place there.
The author’s style in these chapters remains accessible, using straightforward language that matches the young protagonists’ perspectives. The simplicity of the prose makes it easier for readers to understand complex ideas, such as the role of partisans in resisting the Nazis. Aunt Hannah explains that partisans are “a special kind of fighter” (35), breaking down a complicated concept into something easy to grasp. There are also moments of comic relief, such as when Lev jokes about his scar in Chapter 8, providing a brief respite from the tension.
By Lauren Tarshis