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63 pages 2 hours read

Martha Hall Kelly

Lilac Girls

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 1, Chapters 13-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “Kasia”

The women are ordered out onto the platform; the town is picturesque, but they are met with nipping dogs and armed guards. As they march into the camp, Kasia hears the word “concentration camp” for the first time. Surrounded by tall walls and metal gates, a road wound through the middle of the camp; officially known as Camp Road, the women call it “Beauty Road.” The women emptied their pockets and gave over all their possessions. They are forced to strip and herded into a shower room. Herta assists a guard in getting Halina’s engagement ring off her finger and takes it. After, every woman’s hair is shorn short and sent to see Herta. Herta inspects the women’s genitals without care for their consent. Mrs. Mikelsky, who has been with the women since the train, refuses to relinquish her hold on her baby. Kasia helps Mrs. Mikelsky lie to the wardress, and they manage to convince them that the baby’s father is German. Binz orders the soldier to take the baby away. Halina protects Kasia from harm by speaking to Binz in German.

The women are released from quarantine after two weeks. They return to Block 32, which is overpopulated with other Polish women. The women’s lives revolve around their “tin bowl, cup, and spoon, and the ability to safeguard them” (147). They keep their items close to them at all times. Luiza and Halina sleep in the top bunk while Zuzanna and Kasia choose the bottom bunk. They discover that all the announcements are made in German and nothing else. The next day, the women are startled awake at three o’clock in the morning by a siren. They receive foul food and assigned jobs. Halina is assigned to bookbindery; Luiza becomes an assistant to the women who shave and process the furs of the camp’s Angora rabbits; Zuzanna sorts through the piles of stolen plunder; and Kasia is an “Available,” assigned whatever work needs doing on a given day.

They spend Christmas at the camp and despite exchanging letters with her papa, Kasia’s spirits are low. They are all aware that their letters are censored as well. One day, all the women are brought out into the square for count. Irma Grese, Binz’s new guard apprentice, is bad with numbers and often loses count. This forces the women to stand out in the cold for hours. They huddle close together to keep warm when Binz is not looking. Mrs. Mikelsky is pulled from the crowd and punished by Binz for speaking back to her. Binz sets her dog, named Adelige, on Mrs. Mikelsky and kills her. Kasia is forced to write Mrs. Mikelsky’s number onto her body in violet marker and drag the body of her former math teacher to the pile of corpses. Kasia makes a comment about Irma’s inability to count and is struck by Binz’s crop. 

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “Herta”

Herta stays at Ravensbrück after she discovers that her father has passed away and that her mother will need care. One night, Herta walks in on Halina sketching Binz in the bookbindery. Halina is paid in bread for her sketches. Herta speaks with Halina for a while, interrogating the latter on her background. When Herta discovers that Halina is a nurse, Herta reassigns her to Block One and to the Revier hospital. Halina asks if her daughters can come with her, but Herta dodges the question. Herta does not tell Halina that the food in Block One “did not contain the drug they put in the regular soup to kill the prisoners’ sex drive and cease menses” (156). After Halina begins working at the hospital, it begins to run far more efficiently.

Halina and Herta begin working closely together. They write mandated condolence cards together to send to the families of deceased prisoners, Halina binds books, and they both coordinate the schedules of the hospital. Halina asks Herta to post a letter to Lennart Fleischer for her, and Herta says that she will consider it. Then, Irma gets hurt after one of the kitchens collapses. Herta lets Halina out of the camp to assist her. Halina gives orders but Binz and Herta both listen to her. Halina uses her clothes to make a tourniquet for Irma and soon they carry her back to camp. On the way back to camp, Halina pauses, considering escape but eventually follows Herta back to the camp.

A while later, Herta finds a Polish record and makes Halina teach her how to foxtrot. They dance perfectly together and Herta brushes a lock of hair from Halina’s face. Nurse Marschall catches them and seems resolved to enact revenge for their previous slights against her; she is furious that a Polish prisoner filled her role in the hospital and that Halina was called to assist Herta instead of her.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “Caroline”

Roger tells Caroline that Paul and Rena have been arrested. Caroline’s day gets more hectic, however, as she finds out that her best friend, Betty Stockwell, just had a son. Caroline swallows down her jealousy and brings Betty a bouquet of tulips. They talk about Caroline’s prospects and about Paul’s current situation. Betty encourages Caroline to forget about Paul and find a husband. Caroline is furious at Betty and they part ways. Later that week, Caroline discovers that the consulate can no longer fund her comfort boxes to the French orphanages. Not wanting to ask her mother for help, Caroline heads to Snyder and Goodrich Antiques and sells off some oyster forks emblazoned with the Woolsey family crest. Caroline tells the story of the Woolsey loving cup in German and softens Mr. Snyder to her cause. The cup is a gift from a young corporal whom Eliza Woolsey, Caroline’s great-grandmother, had nursed back to health. After hearing this, Mr. Snyder buys the forks. Mr. Snyder makes an anti-Semitic comment as he pays Caroline and she rebukes and shames him. Despite this, “fifty parentless French children” (173) would now receive aid.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary: “Kasia”

Binz sends Kasia to the bunker for two weeks for her insubordination. Despite this, Kasia continues to write coded letters to her father to no avail. She gets increasingly angry and begins imagining ways to get revenge on the Germans. The next spring, Halina visits her daughters and they play a game called “What I’d Bring Down Beauty Road” (174). In a morbid game they made up, the children imagine the funniest they’d bring down the road if they are forced to walk down to the shooting wall. Halina brings them bread and Luiza tells her about how fast she can knit now. Janina, whose hair continued to be shaved down, would bring heels; Zuzanna would bring Polish chocolates; Luiza her knitting; and Kasia her mattress. Halina says she would bring a bouquet of flowers, hand them to the guards, and shout “Long live Poland” (176) before she was killed. The women quiet at the sobering thought. Halina has been sneaking hair dye to the older women so that they can escape selections and heart stimulants for the weak. After hugging Kasia, Halina is forced to leave.

All the girls are brought into a part of the hospital next morning, including: Kasia, Zuzanna, Luiza, Janina, and new girls named Regina and Alfreda. Eventually, a nurse named Gerda enters the room and begins taking the girls out one by one to operate on them. Kasia feels her mother’s presence at night tucking her in and kissing her on the forehead. Halina leaves before Kasia can reach for her. The next morning, Kasia wakes up to find that most of the girls have casts or bandages on their legs. Everyone cries out for water, but none ever comes. Janina manages to stand and comfort all the girls; she delivers their one bedpan to them.

Luiza wakes Kasia in the night and they speak about the past. Luiza tells that Pietrik had made her promise not to tell, but that he loves Kasia. All the girls run high fevers and when Dr. Oberheuser finally enters the room, she ignores them when they plead for answers. Oberheuser only reacts when Kasia asks for her mother Halina. Herta Oberheuser tells Kasia that they will only be moving Luiza. The girls do not see Luiza again for months. The hospital staff ignores them. One day, the girls receive a gift of food thrown in through the window by a fellow prisoner. The camp has begun to call them the Rabbits. It is not till weeks later that Gerda returns to remove their casts. Kasia sees the doctors and nurses recoil at the sight of her mangled leg and pushes up to look at it herself.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary: “Herta”

Herta continues to support the Reich in 1942. She has scrapbooks dedicated to Germany’s war successes. Commandant Suhren, a man that Herta prefers to his predecessor, has replaced Koegel. Suhren throws himself a party and Herta attends. While there, Herta chats with Fritz; they have been going out together regularly. Fritz tells Herta that he will be leaving Ravensbrück; he no longer believes in causing such suffering. Fritz warns Herta that there have been rumors going around the camp that she is romantic with her assistant nurse Halina. Herta also discovers that she has been recommended for the War Merit Cross, an award created by Hitler himself.

The next morning, Herta hides Halina’s engagement ring, the one that she has taken to wearing. When she arrives at the hospital, Herta gets ready to insert foreign objects into the wounds to “stimulate battlefront injuries” (191). After Fritz’s departure, Herta receives permission to conduct the operations herself. She is pleased by the opportunity. The next morning, Herta takes her time to get to the Revier, trusting that Halina will be able to run the hospital. Halina is not there however, and Herta finds Binz to demand answers. Binz tells Herta that she will need a new assistant.

Part 1, Chapter 18 Summary: “Caroline”

Caroline has continued to track the transports of people to concentration camps all throughout Poland and Germany. Pearl Harbor has changed the rules of the war and the consulate continues to scramble to do what it can to help. Roger tells Caroline that Paul is among a group of men taken to Natzweiler-Struthof on the Vosges Mountains. Caroline tries to get more information about the permanent concentration camp but discovers that Washington has officially broken off any and all diplomatic relations with France. The embassy and the consulate officially close. Rena Rodierre is listed as deceased from typhus on a list of Auschwitz prisoners.

Caroline continues to sell family heirlooms to Snyder and Goodrich; she uses the money to keep her French Families Fund afloat. Caroline attends the Vanderbilts’ party and helps do the tally for the bridge teams’ scores. She has a back and forth with Jinx, Pru, Kipper, and Betty. Jinx makes snide comments about the state of Caroline’s finances, her father’s death, and her mother’s charity. Jinx and Kipper are expected to win but with Caroline’s help, Pru and Betty are declared the winners. Betty declares that they are playing for Caroline’s French Families Fund. Caroline leaves, pleased that she has mended things with Betty, but even more glad that she no longer feels “any lingering allegiances to New York Society” (206).

Part 1, Chapters 13-18 Analysis

The Nazis change all the women irreparably. Although separated by walls and oceans both, the women are nonetheless robbed of vital parts of themselves, some in more gruesome ways than others. Kasia’s loss is more physical than that of the other characters. Kasia loses her bodily autonomy when she is operated on without her consent. Herta loses any qualms or morals she may have had before becoming a doctor at Ravensbrück. Although Herta certainly does not have a deep well of empathy or kindness before taking up the position at the camp, her transition from proud medical student to cruel camp doctor is a quick one. Caroline’s loss is more social and monetary than physical or moral. In a more literal sense, Caroline sells off the heirloom silver to pay for her comfort boxes. Caroline volunteers all her time at the consulate and as a result, no longer holds the social status amongst the New York elite that she once had. Instead of mourning her former status, Caroline is simply pleased that she has cut off all the “lingering allegiances to New York Society” (206).

Similarly, the women of the novel have universal pressures on them that exist no matter their age or place. Caroline’s friend Betty, for example, continues to pressure her to settle down and have children immediately despite her own reservations. Betty says to Caroline:

‘He would have married you if you’d been around more. A ten-city theater tour doesn’t strengthen a relationship. Men like to be the center of your world. Now that you’re more settled, you need to hurry up and get married and have children. A woman’s eggs disintegrate, you know’ (168).

Despite being Caroline’s best friend, Betty acts as the hand of society and not only pushes Caroline to have children but also blames her for failed relationship with David. “Men like to be the center of your world,” Betty says, thus placing the onus of the failed relationship directly upon Caroline’s shoulders and directing the blame towards her career aspirations. This moment is similar to Herta’s own conversation with her friend about babies a few chapters before. Instead of bowing to these pressures, Herta purposefully cuts her hair and adopts a masculine air to keep admirers at bay.

The paradoxical similarities between the pain these women share display how the potential paths their lives could have taken, if not for their birth places and choices. Both Caroline and Herta are pseudo-exiled for their choices. Caroline and Herta are pushed towards the fringes of the social group they were once a part of. Herta’s isolation at Ravensbrück, a self-imposed exile, helps keep her away from the other male doctors and workers but is broken almost exclusively for Kasia’s mother, Halina.

The homoerotic tension between Halina and Herta is clear, especially in their fear after getting caught dancing together: “Once Marschall left and shut the door as quietly as she’d opened it, Halina and I looked at each other. Something intangible had been let out of a box, something dangerous, and there was no going back” (165).

Another witnessed the “intangible” attraction between Herta and Halina, so they could no longer deny its existence to themselves. Herta’s attraction to Halina is yet another moment of irony in the book. In doing her work for the Reich, Herta falls for a Polish woman, an act that the Party itself would have condemned her for.

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By Martha Hall Kelly