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63 pages 2 hours read

Martha Hall Kelly

Lilac Girls

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 2, Chapters 31-36Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2

Part 2, Chapter 31 Summary: “Kasia”

In the summer of 1945, Kasia learns the full story of what happened in the war while they were at Ravensbrück. She is enraged that the Allied countries did not come sooner at the reports of Auschwitz. Stalin has been tightening his control over Poland; the Red Army and the NKVD, Stalin’s law enforcement agency, have been killing former political dissenters. Kasia finds Kornel Makuszynski’s Satan from the Seventh Grade that Nadia hid for her in their secret place. In it, she finds all 10 of Pietrik’s dance tickets that Nadia bought for her. When Kasia gets home, she digs up the tin cans buried in the backyard. They open the cans up and their most precious things are finally returned to them. Papa, Zuzanna, and Kasia hold each other as they cried.

A while later, Kasia hears from her father that the NKVD are keeping an eye out for the Rabbits. The Red Army believes that the women might be German spies. Papa tells Kasia to burn all the letters and her former Girl Guide uniform. Zuzanna saves one letter for Kasia and they burn the rest. Kasia has been assisting the nursing wing at the hospital, helping to clean the bandages of soldiers with the most gruesome injuries. While Kasia is washing the face of a new patient, she almost faints. 

Part 2, Chapter 32 Summary: “Kasia”

The soldier Kasia is caring for turns out to be Pietrik. The other nurses help change Pietrik out of his uniform. She discovers that once the Russians liberated the Majdanek concentration camp, the Red Army pressed Pietrik into service. Zuzanna and Papa help move Pietrik to Kasia’s room. It takes long weeks for Pietrik to speak. After his head injury, Pietrik takes a long time to come back to himself. He is eventually healthy enough to drive ambulances and take on other jobs. Pietrik does not romance Kasia and she does not push him. One day, while Pietrik is driving the ambulance, Kasia pushes him to talk about the war. He tells her that he secreted Nadia and her mother to several safe apartments before they were caught.

Felka continues to return to Nadia’s old home and they find her out in the rain. Kasia dries Felka’s fur and continues to try and get Pietrik to open up. Pietrik tells Kasia that he lives with the guilt of getting Luiza, Kasia, Zuzanna, and Halina captured every day. He tells Kasia that without her, he would not want to be alive. On the day of the memorial at Lublin Castle, Kasia attends to leave flowers for everyone she has lost. She sees Pietrik and instead of leaving him alone as he requested, she stands by him. Eventually, when she turns to leave, a crying Pietrik holds her close. Pietrik kisses Kasia’s hand, numb from the cold, and tucks their hands into his warm pocket.

Part 2, Chapter 33 Summary: “Kasia”

Kasia marries Pietrik in the postal center in 1946. She wears a pink dress that Marthe has sewn for her. It is a bittersweet day as Felka passes away that morning on the step of Nadia’s old home. They bury her in Nadia’s old blanket and everyone cries. The wedding also requires a blessing by the mother of the bride. Although Marthe prepares a long one, Kasia has Zuzanna do it. The Polish Workers’ Party gets stronger by the day and as they discourage weddings, only a few dear friends manage to attend the wedding. Kasia lets Marthe be the one to replace her veil with a cap, a Polish tradition. 

After, Kasia finds Pietrik in her father’s office, brooding. He thinks he is a coward, getting married and feasting while his fellow underground officials are persecuted. Kasia pulls her father’s gun from Pietrik’s hand and puts it away. Instead of returning to the festivities like he encourages her to, Kasia stays in the dark with Pietrik. 

Part 2, Chapter 34 Summary: “Herta”

In 1947, the Doctors Trial at Nuremberg begins. Gebhardt’s testimony condemns both Fritz and Oberheuser. Binz, Marschall, and Vilmer are all given the death sentence and hanged. A Rabbit takes the stand and identifies Herta; Herta is astounded that anyone knows her identity. She does not recognize any of them. Herta’s prized War Merit Cross damns her; they know she earned it for her participation in the sulfonamide experiments. Fritz is the only openly repentant doctor. They are all found guilty. Gebhardt is sentenced to death by hanging, Fritz to a lifetime in jail, and Herta to 20 years in prison.

Herta is still loyal to Hitler and is glad that he killed himself so he wouldn’t have to see the results of the trial. Herta is unable to imagine not being able to practice medicine for all those years. Once she reaches her prison, she begins her letter writing campaign. 

Part 2, Chapter 35 Summary: “Kasia”

Kasia gives birth to a baby girl on March 25, 1947. She is both overjoyed and sorrowful; Kasia is unable to stop grieving her mother’s absence. Pietrik and her father begin calling the baby Halina, and even though Kasia wanted to call her “Hope,” she soon gives in as well. Kasia fears that the baby’s name will damn her to her namesake’s fate.  

Part 2, Chapter 36 Summary: “Caroline”

In 1947, after Caroline arranges for Paul and Rena to pick up their child, she stays in Paris for months, volunteering for different causes. She eventually volunteers at a coat donation drive and there, she meets an old woman who donates her deceased granddaughter’s unworn coat. Caroline does what she can for everyone she meets; she listens to their stories and feels for all of them. She sees Paul and realizes that it has been almost two years since she’d seen him last. Caroline has not read any of Paul’s letters over the years. He is miserable and heartbroken; he asks her if they’ll ever be together again, if Caroline has found someone else. Paul calls Caroline unfeeling and she snaps back at him, angry at his infidelity and abandonment. Paul wraps Caroline in his coat and hugs her. He tells Caroline that he will return to New York with her and that “it will be like before” (334). 

Caroline knows things will never be the same again. She urges him to stay in Paris for his daughter, to be there for her even if Rena would rather he not be. Paul tells Caroline he loves her and thinks she’s making a terrible mistake. In the months that follow, Caroline distracts herself with more volunteering. They help place displaced women from the war. One day, an injured woman by the name of Janina Grabowski is brought to their home. Warsaw has crumbled since the war, with ineffective leadership and no infrastructure. Caroline and her mother call for their personal doctor to come see to Janina.

Part 2, Chapters 31-36 Analysis

Nostalgia is a pervasive theme throughout the novel that can be seen in the perspectives of each character. After the onslaught of war and the political nightmare that it brings, Kasia and Caroline cling even tighter to the past, while Herta is desperate to skip forward and leave her crimes and punishment in the past. Nostalgia presents itself most evidently in Kasia. She finds the book that Nadia left her, and she is overcome by all the time and people that they have lost:

The book opened naturally to chapter five, and Nadia’s gift to me sat there, all ten of Pietrik’s dance tickets she’d bought for me. I was too angry to cry at the wall that day, for the childhood we’d lost came rushing back. We had only wanted to chat with boys and dance and read mysteries. Now Nadia was gone, maybe forever. All I had left of her was a book and the photo buried in the back garden (299).

The reader is also brought back to the first few chapters of the novel when Kasia was worried only by what appeared to be a budding relationship between her two best friends, Pietrik and Nadia. Kasia is only a child when the war begins, a teenager that should have only been concerned with “chat[ting] with boys and danc[ing] and read[ing] mysteries” (299). The war has taken not only Kasia’s childhood, but it also threatens to drown out her future. On their wedding day, Pietrik hides in Papa’s dark office, hand wrapped around a gun. Pietrik struggles with the guilt of leaving and outliving his compatriots while Kasia is unable to carry on without her mother. Both of them are living with the weight of the dead hung around their necks. This anger festers in Kasia and she is unable to look at her daughter, Halina, without seeing her mother.

Caroline realizes the impossibility of looking back in time. Two years after Caroline ignores Paul’s attempts to contact her, she sees him again. He wants to be with her, and he tries to convince her to leave with him for New York. Paul wants everything to be the way it was before, but Caroline thinks that’s impossible: “Even if he didn’t have a family, it could never be like before. The world was so different now” (335). Caroline holds onto the past in a different way than Kasia does. While Kasia and Paul wish to return to it, Caroline seems to hold the past in a perfect ideal that ignores the possibility that the chance for happiness present itself to her again.

Herta, on the other hand, is eager to press forward. She is unrepentant for her crimes and instead hell-bent on practicing medicine again: “The thought of not practicing medicine for all those years was debilitating, and I started my letter writing campaign” (323). While the other women are contending with both their pasts and futures, stuck in time and uncertain of the future all at once, Herta presses onward, seemingly unfazed by the atrocities she has committed; she is concerned, as she has always been, only with her ability to practice medicine.

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By Martha Hall Kelly