63 pages • 2 hours read
David Adams RichardsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Cheryl Voteur and Lyle fool around. The Sheppard brothers are kind to Lyle to placate him. Lyle knows the Sheppards and Mat Pit are responsible for defaming his father.
Autumn and Lyle protect their mother from Constable Morris, who is ashamed when he realizes that the Hendersons always saw through his defamation of Sydney and stops coming to the house.
Lyle steals the chalice from church but is unable to sell it because its absence is newsworthy. He starts to suffer from guilt at having stolen the church chalice. He confides in Cheryl, and now the Sheppards know and are threatening him. Penny Porier, whom Lyle still loves, must return from university because she is sick from McVicer’s paper mill’s use of pesticides. Meanwhile, Gerald Dove’s investigation into McVicer’s works gains impetus. Penny testifies publicly in the Dove case, and the next day, McVicer tells her that he will pay for her education. Penny refuses McVicer and goes to the meetings against her parents’ will.
The government sides with Gerald Dove and Penny Porier. At a press conference, McVicer claims the government incentivized the use of the pesticides he poisoned the public with. Dove files suit against the government on Penny’s behalf. Dove’s lawyers quickly run out of money, and McVicer now claims he has misplaced the letters from the government. The court denies Dove a search warrant. Penny dies at the age of 18.
Mat Pit tells Lyle he will sell the chalice for him but returns it to the church, obtaining a reward that he splits with Rudy and Lyle. Lyle buys his family a TV with the money but feels disgraced.
Griffin Porier intercepts Lyle, claiming he wants to torch McVicer’s store, which Lyle does for him. McVicer asks Lyle to see him and tells Lyle that he will get no insurance money from the store, and that he liked Lyle’s parents.
Percy has no memory of his father, who has been gone nearly three years. When Elly reads his letters, her sight is beginning to fail. Lyle takes the money Sydney sends and siphons off some to spend on alcohol, cutting himself every time to remember how much he owes his father. Lyle envies his father.
Teresa May is in intensive care. Cynthia blackmails Rudy for money, but he has no employment or income. Lyle comes home drunk and almost hits Autumn. He squanders his money and neglects Percy.
The tax department demands money from the Hendersons. Lyle shouts at his mother and gives Autumn a black eye in front of Percy. Elly and Lyle visit the tax department. Deidre Whyne, who now works there, tells them that if they sell their wood, they can relieve themselves of much of the burden. She encourages them to sell the house and move into an apartment in town. Lyle misses Percy’s birthday.
The wood Lyle has cut is taken by the tax department. When Lyle goes to see Deidre about it, he puts his fist through a window in rage and goes to the hospital for stitches. Constable Morris tells Lyle to stay away from the Sheppards’ house, which will soon be raided. When it is, the Sheppards fire at Constable Morris. Danny Sheppard goes to jail, placing Rudy and Mat Pit in jeopardy, and Lyle in a position of power. However, Lyle has already implicated himself in their guilt.
In Chapters 18 through 27, the biblical references continue. The Sheppards are a parodical remake of the biblical shepherds that attend the holy family at the nativity. The neighbors in the novel enact the antithesis of the biblical injunction “love thy neighbor.” The Sheppards do not revere, but hate and fear the Hendersons, although the Hendersons will ultimately be looked on as a kind of holy family by Gerald Dove’s students and Terrieux. Just as Jesus frequently conflates high and low in his sermons and actions in the New Testament, so does Lyle: “I was nothing more than a thug with Tolstoy in my pocket” (253). The Enlightenment notion that altruism attended academic learning was critiqued by Nietzsche and used by Richards to prevent his readers from dismissing the Hendersons’ suffering. Lyle frames his narrative as a modern parable: “[T]he hell I was in was not Dante’s so much as Milton’s, where Satan stood facing his son—Death” (253).
As Mat Pit’s world closes in around him, it is ultimately constrained to McVicer’s safe. In this world of hypocrisy, literal, physical wealth is the only thing that is, paradoxically, safe. The locus of sin in the novel is McVicer’s safe, true to his name. It is this for which, like the demon Mephistopheles in Faust, Mat Pit is willing to con himself and everyone else, except McVicer.
It is at this stage that the social hierarchy begins to implode: “The next day her lawyers filed suit against the very government that had been funding their research” (263).The safe is the marker of McVicer’s power, but as we see when it comes to producing the government’s letters as evidence, this power is not actual but illusionary. Ultimately, McVicer must, Wild West style, defend his property with a shotgun and his bare knuckles.
In this section, it becomes clear that society is beginning to unravel. The death of Penny first symbolizes this, along with the torching of McVicer’s general store, a kind of community center. Elly’s eyesight begins to fail, and Lyle is increasingly antisocial. Like an anti-stigmata, Lyle cuts himself, inflicting the torture that was endured by both his father as a kind of penance. As though all hope and goodness are extinguished, Rudy gives up the money he saved for himself to go to university to Cynthia. The community seem increasingly trapped and tormented by their own personal demons.