114 pages • 3 hours read
Jerry SpinelliA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
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In Chapter 10, Misha begins leaving a loaf of bread on Janina’s doorstep in exchange for small trinkets she gives him. Some of the trinkets Misha receives include a button, a gumdrop, a candy cigarette, a glass dog, and a hair bow. One day, Misha heads back to Janina’s after dropping off the bread, wanting to speak to her, and finds a bigger boy stealing the bread. Misha chases the other boy through the streets and is beaten up and left in a ditch. The glass dog given to Misha breaks in his pocket and some of his teeth are knocked out.
When Misha returns to Uri, Uri calls him stupid and proceeds to clean him up. The next night, Misha returns to Janina’s home under the cover of darkness to leave the bread. However, Misha is discovered by a passing Jackboot and his earlobe is shot off. When Misha returns to Uri, Uri cleans him up, all the while calling him stupid and telling him that Jews are not allowed out at night because of the curfew. Misha protests that he is not Jewish but Uri states that he is if the Jackboots shot at him.
As punishment for disobeying Uri’s orders, Uri ties a rope around Misha’s wrist when they meet the group of boys at the cemetery. The boys make fun of Misha, much like they did in the first couple of chapters, but Misha points out that there are no longer treasures or cigars or piles of food for them to play with. The boys do, however, smoke cigarettes. Kuba, the boy who blew smoke in Misha’s face, and Olek, the one-armed boy, begin wrestling and soon enough all the boys are playing together on the ground. Their game morphs into one where they see how hard they can bear hug each other. As it is the middle of winter, Misha guesses that this game simply disguises their desire to be close and to keep warm.
As the boys begin playing hide-and-seek, Misha notices a stone man with wings perched on a gravestone. Misha asks the group what the statue is and upon hearing that the statue is an angel, he asks them if they believe in such things. While some of the boys believe that angels can help them, others do not. Enos is the most vocal disbeliever. Enok says that if angels truly existed they would have saved Olek from losing his arm to a train, and saved Big Henryk from being forced to wear coin bags as shoes. Enos spits on the stone angel in fury.
The boys are then chased by an angry group of men attending a funeral service. The men shout that they are “Hooligan Jew-boys filthing up the cemetery” (48). As they are fleeing from the men, Kuba yanks his pants down and moons the men. The boys laugh as they race away. That night, Misha asks if Uri believes in angels. Uri responds saying that “[w]hen you’re nothing, you’re free to believe in anything” (49). Misha insists that he believes they’re real. Uri states that he believes only in bread.
In Chapter 11, the staple commodity of Misha and Uri’s diet, bread, has become harder to come by in Warsaw. Misha is no longer able to steal bread from women in the street. In a last-ditch effort, Misha enters a bakery marked with the star of David and tries to trick the owner into giving him some bread rolls. He is chased out of the bakery and Misha goes to Uri, telling him that there is no longer any bread. Misha begins getting bolder with his raids for food, entering shops and large, wealthy homes. Misha explains how he follows the children of wealthy families into their homes, acting like he belongs there, and gets them to tell him where food is stored.
Misha recalls a night when he walks into a home and finds himself stared at by a family having dinner. Misha steals their roasted bird and runs away before the family members are even out of their seats. Misha claims that “always be the first to move” is his first rule of life (52). Uri begins tying Misha to his own wrist at night, so the young boy will not deliver food to Janina. Soon after, the trees in Warsaw begin getting chopped down. Coal is in short supply and people are forced to use wood instead.
Uri finds coal and brings the fuel to Doctor Korczak, to help the orphans. Soon after, Misha does the same, digging in rubble and ruined buildings for “black pearls” (53). Misha is seemingly enthralled with Doctor Korczak’s white mustache and the orphans that the physician cares for. Doctor Korczak invites Misha inside, where he is scrubbed clean by a nurse, the black coal dust that caked his skin flaking away. Doctor Korczak and Misha speak for a while after, exchanging names, and Misha continues to deny that he is an orphan. He tells the doctor the life story that Uri previously makes up for him.
Doctor Korczak has the orphans line up in rows and thank him all at once. Misha is decidedly uncomfortable but Doctor Korczak shakes his hand, thanks him for his help, and encourages Misha to visit them again.
Misha continues to bring coal to Doctor Korczak and food to Janina’s back step. Eventually, Misha begins to notice that there are no longer gifts waiting for him in return anymore. Misha decides to explore further and knocks on the door, calling for Janina. A man who looks like a Jackboot greets him instead. The Jackboot snatches the sack of coal out of Misha’s hands and questions him, demanding to know if he is Jewish. When the Jackboot discovers that Misha is a Gypsy, the man slaps Misha and upturns his beer on the boy. Misha snatches the sack of coal back and slams it into the man’s foot before he runs away.
Misha recounts a time where he wakes in the stable to find a stranger sleeping in another stall. The man is homeless and as Misha continues to question him about his former life, the man reveals that he used to live in a big house with his books. The man is suspicious when Misha asks if he is Jewish, worried that Misha was told to ask this by someone else. The man continues to insist that he is not Jewish while Misha offers him a bratwurst. When Misha returns with the bratwurst, the man is gone.
Uri has a variety of rules for Misha for when they walk the streets. Uri insists that Misha has to be invisible and that he should never look guilty. Misha is curious as to what the definition of guilty is, and insists that he is not guilty. Misha uses a shard of mirror to practice his facial expressions. In his attempt to not look guilty and appear confident, Misha gets hit by a car as he crosses the road. Uri drags him off the street while kicking his rear, much to the amusement of passersby in the street. Misha claims that he has never seen Uri so angry at him, as the older boy continues to punch him and call him stupid. Misha thinks that he will never disobey Uri again.
Misha, once known as Stopthief, is stolen from by another boy. In a profound use of irony, Spinelli has Misha yell, “stop! Thief!” after the other boy takes off with the bread Misha places on Janina’s doorstep (38).
The constants in Misha’s life have begun to break down. This reflects the lives of many in Warsaw under Nazi control. In the previous chapters, Misha and Uri are forced out of their home beneath the barber’s shop and they now drift from one ruined building to another. Janina, a temporary reminder of normalcy for both the reader and Misha, is ripped from her home and replaced by a Jackboot. Food is hard to come by and Misha is forced to enter the homes of others, under the guise of a regular child, to steal enough food to survive. While Misha is physically able to pass for a regular child, he is undoubtedly not one.
The violence in war-torn Warsaw becomes increasingly foregrounded. This comes to a head when a Jackboot shoots off Misha’s earlobe. The removal of Misha’s ear is yet another display of Misha’s permanent loss of innocence. The curfew forced upon the Jewish people parallels Uri’s own strict treatment of the younger boy. Uri keeps Misha tied to his wrist, a symbolic representation of the way that Uri tries his best to keep Misha tethered and safe, while Misha might believe it to be limiting and restraining. Uri is rough with Misha, often slapping and punching the younger boy in order to punish him. Uri’s concern for Misha is indisputable, however, as seen by his clear panic and rage when a car hits Misha. Thus, Uri’s use of violence as punishment seems to reflect the times.
Misha’s discussion of angels with the boys once again speaks to Misha’s innocence. Misha acts as a sponge of sorts, absorbing the opinions and views of people around him. Misha is initially a blank slate, devoid of a name, background, and personal opinions. This allows the reader to connect more closely with Misha, and to see the world that Misha inhabits more clearly due to his own childish naivety. Misha is enthralled with the idea of angels in much the same way that he is with Jackboots. Misha’s adamant belief that he is not an orphan because of the story that Uri tells him about his background once again displays his own childish desire to see what he wants, rather than face reality. He has an unwavering trust in Uri and this, combined with his desire for an identity, makes him refuse Doctor Korzcak’s offer to join them at the orphanage, as deigning himself an orphan would in some ways be reverting to having a less intact identity.
By Jerry Spinelli