22 pages • 44 minutes read
Octavio PazA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The wave is one of two main characters of the story, and its largest symbol. Paz personifies the wave as a woman in love who starts an impulsive affair with the narrator after his visit to the sea. A wave can be both a gentle and a deadly force, which is exactly how Paz describes the pair’s love. At the start, she is bright and sweet, literally bringing light and joy to all things she touches—the excitement and delight of a burgeoning love. As the narrator becomes more familiar with his lover, he can see through her “transparent” water. When the wave grows bored, though, she seeks excitement from the fish (symbolic of other lovers) and becomes inconsolable. As the pair’s passion dies, so does the wave’s human qualities—she turns into a statue of ice, an inanimate object the narrator no longer feels anything towards.
Paz uses a vast variety of imagery to immerse readers in this transformation, and the immense power he gives the wave underscores just how powerful love and infatuation can be. In one instance, the narrator feels nearly drowned by the wave, demonstrating how consuming a relationship (especially an abusive one) can become. Paz suggests that love can be the source of life’s greatest joys but also its greatest pains.
Like the wave, the fish are both a character and a symbol in the story. When the wave becomes lonely, the narrator brings her gifts from the sea to console her. Among them is a school of fish; the lovers have either left or neglected all the other relationships in their lives, and the fish are an attempt to bring the wave company, something familiar from her previous life in the sea. The narrator’s plan backfires, however, as the wave then devotes all her time to them, and they effectively become her new love interests. The narrator jealously watches them “caressing her breasts, sleeping between her legs, adorning her hair with little flashes of color” (31). These fish are a symbolic threat to the narrator’s relationship with the wave, evident in the way he perceives them: A few are “particularly repulsive and ferocious,” with “jagged and bloodthirsty mouths” (31). Overcome with jealousy, the narrator tries to attack them, but they slip away and remain with the wave until the narrator finally leaves, maliciously laughing at him when he does (32). The fish are not mentioned at the end of the story once the wave has turned to ice; it is not known what happened to them, but they are no longer a threat to the narrator because the relationship has ended.
Among the rich imagery Paz utilizes to personify the wave, he employs a motif of cosmic elements to invoke how vast and unknown the wave is to the narrator. The wave is “infinite as the horizon” (30), and her “sensibility” spreads in eccentric ripples that “touch other galaxies” (30). The narrator feels that “to love her was to extend to remote contacts, to vibrate with far-off stars we never suspect” (30). To him, this love is otherworldly, as incomprehensible as the universe. The narrator believes she has no emotional core or “center,” “just an emptiness like a whirlwind that sucked me in and smothered me” (30), just as a black hole would. This kind of cosmic love is beautiful but also dangerous. Even outside the sea, the wave is affected by the moon—a blurring of the line between scientific fact and this surrealist world. These cosmic pulls not only change her tides, but also drastically affect her moods and appearance. While the narrator first finds this phenomenon “fantastic,” he soon learns how “fatal” this unpredictability is for their relationship.
When the narrator returns from his month away in the mountains, he finds that the wave has turned into a “statue of ice” (33). Paz uses this transformation as a direct symbol of their love, which has gone cold and hard. In a solid form, the wave no longer possesses any of the qualities that once made her so human-like; she cannot move, speak, or feel. The abuse in the relationship and the opportunity to reflect on it also leave the narrator indifferent; without any emotion, he disposes of her and expresses no feeling at the thought of her destruction. He no longer regards her as a living being, treating her as a commodity to be sold and used. Paz’s allegory prompts readers to consider how an emotional, passionate relationship can suddenly freeze and disappear.
By Octavio Paz