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54 pages 1 hour read

Bill Bryson

Notes From A Small Island

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 1995

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Chapters 25-31Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 25 Summary

Bryson makes a stop to see the Durham Cathedral, immediately proclaiming it to be the “best cathedral in Britain” (263). Not only is it sufficiently ancient and well-preserved, but it is also unmarred by throngs of tourists and modest in its admission fees.

Afterward, Bryson heads to Ashington, a former mining community that was once home to the Pitman Painters. The group emerged out of a social welfare program that supplied local workers with opportunities to develop other skills: painting, music lessons, philosophy, drama and opera, and athletic talents, among others. Bryson is impressed by the “hunger for betterment in places like Ashington” (265), though, sadly, these institutions are now gone.

He visits the works of the Pitmen Painters, which, unlike the programs themselves, have been preserved in the Woodhorn Colliery Museum, which also details the history of coal mining in the area. While Bryson admits that the paintings are not masterworks, he is duly impressed by the time and effort put forth by men who worked such physically brutal jobs. Bryson notices that one of the owners of the now-defunct mine was the fifth Duke of Portland. Again, he cannot help but remark upon the densely packed, and closely linked, history that exists across this small island.

Chapter 26 Summary

Bryson arrives in Edinburgh, which actually feels distinct from England (unlike Wales, in his opinion). He leaves his hotel in search of breakfast (the hotel charges far too much) and ends up in a McDonalds. He visits the Royal Scottish Academy, where he finds uninspiring works on beach scenes and “for some reason, French street scenes” (275). He then makes his way to the National Gallery of Scotland, whose Victorian grandeur he finds more pleasing. An older gentleman, whom Bryson identifies as working class, explains the paintings to a young boy. He notes that this seems to be a peculiarly British attribute—the high levels of education among the less privileged.

He then walks up to Edinburgh Castle and looks down over Princes Street. Again, it has been changed, as old buildings are razed to make way for new shopping centers and hotels. When he later consults his map back in the hotel, he is angered to find that the current map does not acknowledge the historical destruction.

Chapter 27 Summary

After overhearing a woman apologizing to the desk clerk for asking to fix the broken television in her room, Bryson thinks of an anecdote in which a robbery is foiled by propriety. He claims that good manners are a central quality of the British character. These reflections put Bryson in a good mood as he visits his last few sites in Edinburgh before moving on to Aberdeen.

Aberdeen is disappointing, again reminding him of nowhere in particular and everywhere in general.

He takes a train through the Highlands, enjoying the scenery, before disembarking in Inverness. In contrast to Aberdeen, Inverness is historically specific and boasts lovely natural vistas. Nevertheless, Bryson dislikes the modern office buildings in the center of town. He lists the many structures in Britain he would choose to “blow up” for their depressing architecture, including London’s Hilton Hotel, Leeds’s post office, and Highland Enterprise Board’s headquarters—ironically, the location tasked with sustaining the beauty of the area.

Chapter 28 Summary

Bryson leaves Inverness on another train, bound for Thurso. He notes that, though the British spend little on maintaining their rail service, it remains outstanding. The train road is long, and the landscape grows increasingly barren the farther north the train journeys: Thurso is “the northernmost town on the British mainland, the end of the line in every sense of the word” (292). Bryson appreciates that most of the businesses in the town appear to be locally owned, though he also wonders if he will have enough to do over the course of his three days staying there.

As his trip wears on, it starts to affect him. He begins asking inane or unanswerable questions—“Why do they call it a grapefruit?” (294)—and cannot concentrate on what is before him. This pattern is disrupted by his discovery of a restaurant that serves Chinese, Indian, and European fare out of one kitchen. This is sufficiently novel to distract Bryson from his running thoughts.

The next morning, he begins the journey to John o’ Groats. He must travel by car, the only way to reach such a remote place, and he revels in the “arrestingly empty landscape” (297). He feels safe driving, as there is little to collide with. Named for a Dutchman, the village is minuscule and mostly empty. He visits the one store that is open and has a lively conversation with the proprietors. He looks out across the harbor, thinking about visiting the Orkney islands. But, he figures, they are simply more parts of Britain. Maybe next time.

He then visits Halkirk, immortalized as an unpopular posting for soldiers during World War II. What he finds is that the town’s reputation might have been exaggerated. He returns the car in Thurso, having seen all there is to see.

Chapter 29 Summary

He stays the night in Thurso, enlivened by a hearty and delicious breakfast, and boards a bus to the train station with a group of women who make the trek to Inverness every Saturday for shopping and fun. Bryson disembarks there to catch the train to Glasgow.

He remarks on the transformational changes wrought on Glasgow since the 1970s—well-deserved, in his opinion. He enjoys the Burrell Collection, filled with items from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. He walks back into town after this but gets lost. He wanders into the pub, hoping for a rest and a pint (and some directions), only to discover that he cannot understand a word the proprietor says, nor can he understand the locals who vainly try to interpret. He slips out, and after much perambulating, finds his way back to the Clyde River and toward the city center. He mulls over the story of Gorbals, a housing project erected in Glasgow with shelter for 40,000 people but no infrastructure. This lack of foresight led to swiftly deteriorating living conditions. Though Glasgow has undergone some improvements, it still maintains its gritty edge.

Chapter 30 Summary

Bryson spends one more day in Glasgow because he wants to take the Settle-to-Carlisle line home; though obscure, it runs through some of the most impressive scenery in the country. The author intends to enjoy every landmark (Blea Moor Tunnel, Dent Station, Ribblehead Viaduct) and moment on the trip.

Bryson admires the Yorkshire Dales with a passion, and he defends the Yorkshire people. While they do not welcome a stranger with open arms—unlike the Midwesterners among whom Bryson grew up—they will accept one over time. Bryson, for one, will miss his time spent living there.

His journey is now complete, and he feels adrift at the sudden ending. He takes in the view, and the sight of his house, determined that, though he must leave this small island, he will most certainly be happy to return.

Chapter 31 Summary: “Glossary”

Finally, Bryson provides the American reader with a dictionary of common Britishisms. For example, a “jumper,” whose usage he wonders about in Chapter 28, indicates a sweater (321), while a “lorry” refers to a truck (322). The ubiquitous word for an English dessert—of any kind—is a pudding. As Bryson explains, “in Britain, ice cream is pudding” (323). He also includes some definitions of slang (and sometimes offensive) terms here.

Chapters 25-31 Analysis

Again, the author explores The Tension between Modernization and Historic Preservation, as he attempts to save the Britain he values from the one he fears it is becoming. For example, when he votes Durham “best cathedral in Britain,” it has a lot to do with several factors he has noted previously: First, the cathedral is, like its surrounding area, “ancient and perfect” (263)—the two are explicitly conflated here—and, moreover, mostly devoid of other tourists. Bryson appears to enjoy being one of the privileged few who are “in the know” regarding the sites of the highest quality. He complains that many English people are not aware of all the magnificent, historical treasures their land contains; yet, paradoxically, he dislikes crowds. If too many tourists arrive, then the experience is spoiled. This paradox is a core problem for the project of historic preservation. For historic sites to be preserved, the public has to know about them, but the more the public knows about and values them, the more likely they are to be ruined by crowds.

Bryson’s discussion of the Pittmen Painters recalls his earlier observations about the British social welfare system: Key to Britain’s greatness, in Bryson’s view, is a commitment to the common good that transcends the imperatives of profit and growth. He admits that the artistic opportunities offered to this working-class community “rested on a large measure of well-meaning but faintly objectionable paternalism” (265), yet he celebrates the largesse of the privileged in providing such opportunities. The artists’ works are not masterpieces, as Bryson admits. In England, art education does not exist only to produce famous artists. Instead of seeking glory, the Pittmen Painters practice art for its own sake—to improve their lives and deepen their understanding of themselves and their world. Later, Bryson observes an older man, not very well dressed to Bryson’s eye, teaching a young boy about Goya in the National Gallery of Scotland: “I have often been struck in Britain by this sort of thing—by how mysteriously well educated people from unprivileged backgrounds so often are” (176). Whether or not the man is actually from an “unprivileged background,” Bryson’s larger point is that there still exists in England a tendency to value knowledge independent of its ability to produce wealth. In this way, this episode recalls Bryson’s earlier anecdote about the College Bowl in which Oxford students trounced American Ivy League students. England’s idea of education may be economically obsolete, but England, like Bryson, values knowledge for its own sake.

At times, Bryson’s belief in an ideal place, the England of his imagination, threatens to obscure the diversity and contradiction of modern England. He categorizes all British subjects under broad behavioral frames: “Deference and a quiet consideration for others are such a fundamental part of British life that few conversations could even start without them” (279). This observation gestures to a partial truth, but it does not account for the punk explosions of the 1970s; the race riots of the 1980s; and the economic disruptions of Thatcherism.

Indeed, Bryson repeatedly emphasizes the small and the antiquated rather than the bustling and the cosmopolitan. In Inverness, which he “liked immediately,” he notes that the town has “some likeable features,” such as “an old-fashioned little cinema”; “some splendid riverside walks”; and a “thoroughfare apparently locked in a perpetual 1953” (286). He seeks a Britain wherein “ugly modern office buildings” (287) never intrude on a cityscape, and the spoils of empire remain undisturbed (and their provenance unquestioned) in museums like the Burrell Collection.

Bryson is on a personal journey, and his observations are unapologetically subjective, highlighting the value of Travel as Self-Discovery. When he writes that he has reached “the end of the line, as far as I was going” (299), the statement is one of both geographical fact—he has come to the end of the train line and the northern edge of the island of Great Britain—and personal recognition. He has come to the end of his time in Britain and, hopefully, absorbed whatever lessons it has to teach him. This geographical boundary—clear and incontrovertible—mirrors an internal boundary that is invisible and subjective: Bryson believes that he has been living in Britain as long as is good for him and that it is now time to go home.

Despite its limited land area, the “small island” Bryson describes is anything but small: “That is its glory, you see—that it manages at once to be intimate and small scale, and at the same time packed to bursting with incident and interest” (268). Bryson’s use of “small” constitutes a compliment, and he marvels at all he is able to see—not to mention what he misses—in the course of one journey around a geographically restricted but culturally boundless area. As his journey comes to its inevitable end, it is clear that it has been undertaken for its own ends; there is no specific destination, at least not in Britain. Even his own house becomes just another landmark on the trip, as he drives into “the serene, cupped majesty of Malhamdale, the little lost world that had been my home for seven years” (315). Fittingly, he phrases that first (and, symbolically, last) glimpse of his house in the past tense.

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