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52 pages 1 hour read

Ann Rinaldi

Numbering all the Bones

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2002

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Chapter 14-Author’s NoteChapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary: “Dorence Atwater Tells Me His Tale”

Following her departure from the plantation, Eulinda begins to work with Dorence. Unlike other soldiers, Dorence is willing to describe what happened to him at Andersonville, where he was assigned the job of recording the deaths of Union prisoners. He explains that he doubted an official record would be retained, so he made a double record that he clandestinely kept. After his release, the federal government claimed the list but would not release it. Finally, with the help of Clara, Dorence took back the list, made it public, and traveled with Clara to Andersonville to identify the bodies of the prisoners. Eulinda learns for the first time that 13,000 men were buried at the camp. At the end of the chapter, Dorence asks Eulinda if she is ready to find her brother’s grave.

Chapter 15 Summary: “We Find and Rebury Neddy and Thomas Jefferson’s Grandson, and I Find What I Came For, But Am No Longer Sure I Want It”

Before they search for Neddy’s burial site, Eulinda tells Dorence that Neddy’s body may have the stolen ruby ring on it. She says, “I don’t want you to make yourself part of anything unsavory, Mr. Atwater” (133). He laughs at this thought and asks, “Can anything be more unsavory than all of this?” (133). With Dorence’s map, they locate Neddy’s grave. Dorence tells Eulinda to step back so she cannot see what he is doing as he unearths the body. He finds Neddy and gives Eulinda the ring, along with the body tag that was attached to his clothing. Neddy is reburied next to the body of Thomas Jefferson’s grandson, who was also a Black Union soldier.

Chapter 16 Summary: “How I Started Painting Grave Markers, and How the Caters Came to Us”

Eulinda is given the job of lettering the wooden headboards for the graves, beginning with Neddy’s. A man with a diverse racial background approaches her, Arnold Cater, who was the former valet for the governor of Georgia. He and his wife Lily, an expectant mother, came to Andersonville to seek help from Clara. Clara grows fond of the Caters, eventually saying she wishes she had the means to take them with her to Washington. In the next breath, Clara asks Eulinda if she would be willing to move to Washington and work as her secretary. Eulinda says, “All I could do was get up, go round to her and hug her, by way of an answer” (144).

Chapter 17 Summary: “How We Help Even More People and I Am Given a Sign”

As Clara continues her work at Andersonville, the news of her presence spreads and more freedmen show up at the camp seeking her help and the truth they sense she will tell them. When a group of two dozen formerly enslaved people asks Clara if they are truly, permanently free—since Lincoln was assassinated—Clara assures them they are free. To prove it, she takes Eulinda with her to get a copy of the Emancipation Proclamation and protective orders from General Wilson.

As they journey to town, they are greeted by Mistis, who invites them to come to a tea at Pond Bluff where they will meet other ladies from the area. As they are parting, Mistis asks Eulinda if she found the ring in Neddy’s grave. Eulinda, who has the ring tied in a handkerchief in her pocket, says no. Clara senses immediately what sort of a person Mistis is and later remarks to Eulinda, “That woman is a viper. How could you have worked for her” to which Eulinda answers, “I had no choice” (151).

After finding the ring, Eulinda is uncertain about what to do with it. She believes she has received a sign when the Caters’ new baby is a little boy whom they name Zeke—the name of Eulinda’s missing little brother.

Clara reads the Emancipation Proclamation to the gathered freedmen. She relates orders from General Wilson that allow them to remain on their home plantations and receive payment or crops for their work.

Chapter 18 Summary: “How I Take Tea at Pond Bluff, and Mistis Is Put in Her Place at Long Last”

On the way to the social event at Pond Bluff, Clara tells Eulinda the story of her life. She concludes by saying, “I’ve had many challenges and met them. But I fear this one now will be my worst, having tea with the good Southern plantation mistresses of Andersonville” (157).

At the gathering, Clara makes certain that Mistis seats Eulinda at the table with all the white women. Throughout the event, nothing is mentioned about the prison at all. As they are leaving, Mistis calls Eulinda back into the dining room and threatens her with prison if she does not return the ring. Moreover, she threatens to dig up Neddy’s grave. Clara comes into the room, and Eulinda tells her of Mistis’s threats. Clara threatens Mistis in return, saying she is under the protection of Secretary of War Stanton. She also tells Mistis she knows that she pretended to be a Secret Yankee while being a war profiteer. All the gathered women overhear the exchange. As they leave, Hampton salutes Eulinda.

Chapter 19 Summary: “How I Give a Family a New Start and Finally Make Myself Come True”

The evening after the tea, Eulinda waits up for Clara, who is tending a dying man. When she comes back to her tent, Eulinda presents her with the ring and asks her to use it to relocate the Cater family to Washington.

In mid-August, William announces that the work of renovating the camp and building the cemetery has been completed. The next day, the flag is to be raised by Clara over the new Andersonville memorial.

Clara asks Eulinda to come forward with her to raise the flag over the cemetery, saying, “Come, Eulinda, for you have a brother buried on the hill and another sold off in time of slavery” (164). Eulinda is filled with a sense of completion and the recognition that, at last, she has “come true” (164).

Author’s Note Summary: “What Is True and What Isn’t in This Story and Some Plain Facts About the Real Characters”

The Author’s Note spells out who among the characters is an actual person and who is fictional creation. The stories of Clara Barton and Dorence Atwater are given context, pointing out that Dorence was jailed for months for not turning over the list of prisoners. Clara’s lecture tour in 1865 helped to release him from jail. His list of the dead was eventually published in 1866. William Griffin, a Confederate officer who initiated the restoration of the camp and the reburying of the Union soldiers’ bodies, was indeed a historical figure, though—just as Eulinda could learn nothing about him—his history remains unknown.

Chapter 14-Author’s Note Analysis

Dorence’s story of hiding his list from the Confederates and retrieving it from the Union is historically accurate. Given the significance of 13,000 soldiers who were technically still “Missing in Action,” the list of the dead was critically important, raising the question of why it was destroyed by the Confederacy and squelched by the Union. The southern leaders likely wanted to eliminate anything that would tie them to the atrocities. Indeed, Wirz was executed for his role in the crimes perpetrated by the camp. Dorence supplies the answer for the northern side when he says, “Stanton [the Union Secretary of War] said that to publish the list of 13,000 dead prisoners from Andersonville would not be good for the country’s morale” (131).

The expression “fog of war,” refers to the lack of clear information about the status of individuals and circumstances. In Chapter 18, the fog extended beyond the war itself. There was great confusion in the immediate aftermath of the war to the status of former slaves. Not every slave owner acted as Hampton did, offering to give assistance to his former slaves and paying them for the work they did. As the text mentions, some landholders drove their former slaves away. Others said that Lincoln’s death meant they were still indentured. As with Eulinda, there were also questions about the legal status of Black minors, who in some states remained in legal servitude until they reached a certain age.

The social event at the plantation is a surreal experience for Eulinda, to be in a place so familiar and about which she knows so many backstories and yet to be a guest and sit with white women. Mistis’s hypocrisy and double-dealing shines through in many subtle ways, such as kissing Clara hello, making excuses to other white women for why she is seating a girl with a diverse racial background at the table, and using her second-best china. Her goal from the outset is to corner Eulinda and demand the ring she believes Eulinda has. Clara misses nothing. Clara knows exactly what is transpiring and is biding her time for the moment to confront Mistis.

In the Author’s Note, Rinaldi calls Andersonville “a death camp,” comparing it outright to the Nazi’s concentration camps of the World War II era. This is a powerful assertion that calls for close examination. The question Rinaldi started with, why residents allowed for such atrocities to take place, is not directly answered.

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