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John SteinbeckA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Dusk falls at the bunkhouse. After a hard Friday afternoon’s work, George thanks Slim for giving Lennie one of his dog’s puppies. Slim compliments Lennie’s strength and work ethic: “There ain’t nobody can keep up with him” (44). Slim comments on George and Lennie’s relationship, which at first makes George defensive, but soon George confides in Slim. He explains their history, beginning with George’s friendship with Lennie’s Aunt Clara, who raised Lennie since infancy, and the fun he had with Lennie when they were young. George used to beat up Lennie just because he could, until one day when George casually instructed Lennie to jump in a river. Lennie jumped in even though he couldn’t swim. George continues: “An’ he was so damn nice to me for pullin’ him out” (45). Since then, George has appreciated that Lennie’s friendship has kept him from “wantin’ to fight all the time,” like “the guys that go around on the ranches alone” (46). George confesses to Slim the real reason George and Lennie left their last job in Weed, explaining that Lennie, in his enthusiasm for soft things, saw a girl in a red dress and “reache[d] out to feel this red dress an’ the girl [let] out a squawk” (47). In his fear of the girl’s reaction to his innocent gesture, Lennie held on tighter to the dress. The girl accused Lennie of rape, and “[t]he guys in Weed start a party out to lynch Lennie” (47), so George and Lennie hid in a ditch and then ran. Lennie enters the bunkhouse at this point, and George discovers that Lennie has taken the day-old puppy from its mother; Lennie agrees to take the puppy back to its den in the barn.
The rest of the men return to the bunkhouse, and Carlson and Slim confront Candy about the bad smell coming from Candy’s old dog. Carlson offers to shoot the dog since Candy is too sentimental to put the old sheepdog out of his misery. Although Candy tries to change the subject of conversation, Carlson insists that if he uses his Luger, the dog won’t feel any pain. Candy submits to the pressure, and Carlson leads the old dog out on his leash while Slim reminds Carlson to take a shovel. The men distract themselves with a card game, waiting for the sound of a gunshot, and when it sounds, Candy “rolled slowly over and faced the wall and lay silent” (56). While the men play cards, Crooks, the stable hand, knocks on the door of the bunkhouse to tell Slim that Lennie is in the barn with the puppies. Slim dismisses Crooks’s concern while Whit, another ranch hand, talks of Curley’s wife who has “got the eye goin’ all the time on everybody” (57). He expresses surprise that there hasn’t been a fight over Curley’s wife yet. Whit invites George to come with them on Saturday night to a place in town where Susy, a madam, offers five sex workers and unadulterated whiskey.
Lennie and Carlson return to the bunkhouse, and while Carlson cleans his gun, Candy remains facing the wall. Curley rushes in looking for his wife and for Slim. Lennie explains that Slim was in the barn with him and quickly changes the subject; he wants George to talk about the rabbits that will live with them on the farm they will buy sometime in the future. Candy turns away from the wall, listening. George obliges Lennie, describing in detail the abundance of their idyllic, fruitful farm. Candy asks about the farm, and although George is suspicious of Candy’s interest, he proposes that a farm would cost about $600. Candy explains that he has money saved away, and even though he “ain’t much good” (58), he could help tend to the property if George allowed him to contribute towards the purchase of the farm. Embarrassed by his poverty, George admits that he and Lennie have little money themselves, but that they may be able to save by the end of the month. Candy admits that he believes the boss will soon fire him due to his limitations, and George agrees that Candy should join them. In their newfound closeness, Candy confesses to George: “I ought to have shot that dog myself […] I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog” (69).
The other men enter the bunkhouse, and Slim and Curley have a tense conversation during which Slim tells Curley to leave him alone and to “look after [his] own God damn wife” (70). As Carlson and Candy join forces to mock Curley, Curley spots Lennie, who “was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch” (70). Curley misinterprets Lennie’s smiles as laughter and threatens him before beating Lennie in the face. Lennie screams in terror, bleeding and unable to defend himself against Curley’s attack. George orders Lennie to “get him” and within moments, “Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand” (71). Paralyzed by fear and confusion, Lennie is unable to let go of Curley. He crushes Curley’s hand, which leads Slim to order Candy to take Curley into Soledad for medical care. Slim says to Curley that if he tries to get Lennie fired, they’ll expose Curley’s cowardice and make him a laughing stock. George reassures Lennie, bloodied and worried, that he “ain’t done nothing wrong” (74).
The following night, Crooks is in his room in the barn. As he applies an ointment to his injured back, Lennie appears in the doorway. In annoyance, Crooks tries to dismiss Lennie, who doesn’t understand why Crooks isn’t with the other men. Crooks explains: “Cause I’m black” (77), and Lennie explains that everyone, including George, went into town, so he wanted to come and see his puppy. “Lennie’s disarming smile defeated” (78) Crooks, and he invites Lennie to sit down. Crooks reminisces about his childhood, but Lennie won’t be distracted from talking about his puppy. To entertain himself, Crooks asks Lennie what he will do if George were to disappear for any reason. Lennie misunderstands and in a menacing way, he asks Crooks, “Who hurt George?” (81). Alarmed by the intensity of Lennie’s question, Crooks backs down and reassures Lennie that George is returning for him. Lennie’s inability to follow a train of thought leads Crooks to say several times: “You’re nuts” (83), as Crooks realizes exactly why George speaks for Lennie most of the time.
Candy comes to Crooks’s room in search of Lennie, and Crooks grumpily invites him to sit down, but “[i]t was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger” (84). Candy and Lennie talk about the rabbits they will raise on their farm, and Crooks bitterly relays that the farm is an out-of-reach fantasy. In his passionate defense of the dream, Candy reveals that he has a significant amount of cash saved up, which finally convinces Crooks that the men are serious. Crooks offers himself as “a hand to work for nothing” (86) just as Curley’s wife appears at the doorway. She is looking for Curley, and Crooks suggests that she “go along to [her] own house now" as they "don’t want no trouble” (87). When she protests that she is lonely, Candy tells her, “You got no call foolin’ aroun’ with other guys, causin’ trouble” (88).
She asks what happened to Curley’s hand on Friday, the day before, and when Candy explains that Curley got his hand “caught in a machine,” she laughs at the lie, saying that “Curley started som’pin’ he didn’ finish” (88). She insults the men, calling them “a bunch of bindle stiffs” until Candy interrupts her and tells her they “ain’t got to stay here” (89) where she can get them fired. Curley’s wife mocks his claim that the men have their own land. While Candy again tries to dismiss her, she notices the bruises on Lennie’s face. Her attention makes Candy and Crooks wary, and Crooks tries to interfere. However, Curley’s wife implies that she will have Crooks lynched for rape if he speaks out against her: “Well, you keep your place then […]. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny” (91). When the men counter with the threat of exposing her, she bitingly remarks that no one would believe Candy, Lennie, or Crooks due to their low status. Before she leaves to go home, she tells Lennie that she is “glad [he] bust up Curley a little bit. He got it comin’ to him” (92).
George appears to retrieve Lennie, and Candy excitedly tells him that he has planned how to make a profit with rabbits. Displeased, George scolds Candy for telling anyone about their dream farm. Crooks, deflated from the exchange with Curley’s wife, rescinds his offer to Candy to work for free. After the men leave his room, he “fell slowly to rubbing his back” (94).
The symbol of Candy’s dog is further developed in Chapter 3. Carlson shoots Candy’s ailing elderly dog as a mercy, an act that is poignant in its violence and its care. Candy’s dog, like all pets and other vulnerable creatures under the care of someone responsible for them, has faith in the humans that surround him; he submits to death willingly and trustingly. There are unmistakable comparisons to be drawn between Candy’s old dog and Candy himself, as well as the old dog and the newborn puppy that captivates Lennie. Like his old dog, Candy feels vulnerable and useless in his limited role on the ranch, and he knows he is as dispensable as his old dog. This knowledge is what makes the hope of sharing a farm with George and Lennie so revitalizing for the elderly man. The same evening that brings the end of life for the old dog gives new life to the young litter of Slim’s newborn puppies, but Lennie’s unfortunate history with his unknowable strength predicts an unhappy outcome for the young brown and white pup promised to Lennie. The death of Candy’s dog also foreshadows the nature of Lennie’s death in Chapter 6.
Thematically, the dream of George and Lennie’s farm gains momentum as Candy enthusiastically offers up his savings to take part in the purchase and the running of the farm. Thanks to Candy’s money, the dream could become a reality much sooner than George had hoped, so the tone of the novella takes a temporarily optimistic turn. However, George’s earlier warnings to Lennie to avoid Curley prove to be grounded in George’s sound intuition. The two men fight, but when Lennie overpowers Curley and demolishes his hand, Curley is humiliated and will likely seek revenge as soon as an opportunity appears. Curley’s wife reveals her own impatience with Curley and her own reasons for seeking inappropriate attention from men on the ranch who are kinder and more respectful than her husband, which makes her a more sympathetic character than Carlson’s initial rendering of her as a “tart” (31) suggests. However, her racist threats to Crooks in Chapter 4 undermine her as a truly sympathetic character and illustrate the racial tensions of the period.
In Chapter 4, Crooks becomes a voice of reason, tempering the burgeoning excitement around the dream farm, but he is soon taken by the fantasy of freedom and self-sufficiency. His voice of reason gives in to hope, only to cave in once Curley’s wife reminds him of his station in life. Crooks, a Black man living in a racist society, realizes that he will never be an equal to George, Lennie, and Candy and withdraws his offer to join the dream farm. This pattern of hopes that are raised only to fall again repeats throughout the novella.
By John Steinbeck