30 pages • 1 hour read
John CheeverA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In literature, foreshadowing is when a writer hints at something that will appear later in the story. In “Reunion,” John Cheever employs multiple hints within his first paragraph that this reunion between father and son will not be the joyous reconnection that the word typically implies. First, when Charlie writes to his father asking to meet for lunch, “his secretary wrote to say that he would meet” (518). This small detail provides the first inkling that Charlie’s relationship with his father might not be ideal. Alone, this information may not stand as foreshadowing, but when coupled with the fact that Charlie begins his story with “the last time I saw my father” (518), it becomes clear that the reunion will not have a happy ending, for if it did, it likely would not be the final encounter between father and son. Furthermore, Charlie notes, “As soon as I saw him I felt that he was my father my flesh and blood, my future and my doom” (518). Acknowledging that he will inherit much from his father, including his “doom” lends an ominous tone to an otherwise hopeful and idealistic first paragraph. Given that the story is narrated by an older Charlie who is looking back on the reunion, these are clear hints that the day will not end well.
Coming from the Latin word for truth, veritas, verisimilitude is employed by realist writers who strive to bring a realness or truth to their writing. They do this through character development, setting, imagery, and other details within the story.
Cheever achieves verisimilitude through Charlie’s changing perceptions of his father. A stereotypical boy’s adoration of his father is evident immediately when Charlie “was terribly happy” to see his father and when he “hoped someone would see [them] together” (518). It is not uncommon for a young boy to idolize his father, especially one who appears to be successful in bustling New York City. As often as boys idolize their father, just as commonplace is their realization that their perfect parent is flawed. Cheever captures this succinctly when Charlie can tolerate his father’s rude and disrespectful behavior no longer and says, “Goodbye, Daddy” (520) and leaves the man standing alone at the newsstand, never to see him again.
Additionally, Cheever exudes realism in his writing when he portrays a detailed and accurate setting. Grand Central Station is a train terminal in New York City that is bustling, which Cheever captures when Charlie spots his father “coming through the crowd” (518). Furthermore, he depicts a restaurant scene that accurately depicts the milieu before the lunch rush. When Charlie and his father arrive, “it was still early, and the place was empty. The bartender was quarreling with a delivery boy” (518). This moment portrays the behind-the-scenes goings-on that most restaurant patrons do not witness. In descriptions such as these, Cheever paints a scene that is believable and real.
Cheever utilizes juxtaposition in a variety of forms to compare and contrast different elements within “Reunion.” Taking the High Ground and Expectation Versus Reality are two themes that rely on juxtaposition for their development. One juxtaposition partners the disparaging presence of Charlie’s father with the patient civility of the waiters and clerk who interact with him. The disparity in demeanor highlights the theme of taking the high ground, or acting with propriety, when faced with disrespect. Ultimately, Charlie’s exposure to this side-by-side view of his father and others is what leads him to reevaluate his own perceptions. The contrast between Charlie’s attitude toward his father in the beginning—childlike adoration—and the apathy for him at the end—when he chooses to walk away from his dad forever—reiterates just how much the boy’s initial expectations veer from the reality of his father’s character.
The comparison and contrast of characters—a form of juxtaposition—is called foil and is typically utilized to reveal more about one of the characters. In “Reunion,” the contrasting traits of Charlie’s father and the waiters work to make them foils of each other. The man’s increasingly rude and obnoxious behavior is in stark contrast to the polite mannerisms of those who serve him. This pairing illuminates the father’s need to create a scene and get what he wants at all costs. When Charlie insists that he must leave for the train, his father says, “Now, just wait a second, sonny […] Just wait a second. I want to get a rise out of this chap” (520). Instead of saying goodbye to his son, Charlie’s father prioritizes provoking the clerk. Because the latter chooses to ignore him, the father’s character flaws become glaringly obvious, revealing to Charlie his father’s true nature.
Irony is a literary device that presents something that is the opposite of what is expected. In “Reunion,” the title itself is ironic. A reunion is the coming together of people after being separated for a time, which initially happens in the story. However, the connotation of the word is the feeling that it invokes, and in this case, reunion typically refers to a joyful meeting that is marked with happiness and nostalgia. Charlie anticipates the reunion to be this, but instead is faced with the reality of his father’s “boisterous” behavior that feels “out of place” (518) because it is disrespectful and uncomfortable. Charlie notes at both the beginning and end of the story that this is the “last time” he saw his father, indicating that this reunion is not joyful and is only a temporary coming together; therefore, calling this a reunion is ironic.
By John Cheever