89 pages • 2 hours read
Paul FleischmanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
On the last day of school, Virgil’s father, a Haitian immigrant and former bus driver, sees men cleaning the lot. Virgil’s father, who asks all his passengers for advice about getting rich, comes up with a scheme to grow baby lettuce to sell to fancy restaurants. On the first day of summer break, Virgil’s father wakes him and takes him to work the lot. As they dig, they pull up buried garbage, including a heart-shaped locket. Virgil keeps the locket, though he doesn’t know why. He and his father create six plots, using more space than anyone else.
As they work, Virgil spies his third-grade teacher, Miss Fleck, who comments sarcastically about their use of space. Virgil feels ashamed, but his father says they are gardening not only for themselves but also for family members who have no tools. Virgil realizes that his father is lying; many of the relatives he names still live in Haiti. Virgil has never seen an adult lie and worries about the outcome. Miss Fleck disbelieves them but leaves anyway. Virgil plants the tiny lettuce seeds.
Because he is home during the day, Virgil tends the lettuce. However, he finds carrying water difficult. Tίo Juan tries more than once to tell him something, but Virgil does not understand until the lettuce emerges scattered and bunched up: Watering has moved the seeds out of their neat rows. The lettuce that does grow withers and succumbs to bugs. Virgil’s father asks his passengers why the lettuce is dying and finds out that lettuce does not like heat. At first, Virgil feels his father is being punished for lying, but his father's sorrow soon moves him. Carefully, he cleans and polishes the locket until it gleams. Virgil remembers reading a story of the Greek goddess of agriculture and how she had a sad face surrounded by flowers, just like the girl in the locket. Rubbing the locket between his hands, he prays for the lettuce to live.
Sae Young grew up in Korea with five sisters and many friends. When she left for America with her husband, she did not speak English fluently. When they couldn’t conceive children, she grew even lonelier. They opened a dry-cleaning shop, but her husband later died. Two years ago, Sae Young survived a violent robbery at the same shop. For many months after the incident, she could not even open the door for the neighbors who brought her food. Recently, she has begun shopping on her own again, but she still fears people.
One evening, Sae Young hears voices while passing by the lot and sees Kim harvesting lima beans and people talking over rows of corn. She resolves to return. She is ready to be with people again. Few people speak to her, but it feels good to listen to conversations, and she feels safe as she plants her own lot. One day, Sam asks her about her hot Korean peppers, and she is so excited that she has trouble speaking.
Sam announces a contest to solve the water problem. He will give $20 to the child with the best idea for getting water into the garden. Sae Young watches the children present their plans and hears many outlandish ideas, including running a hose from Lake Erie. The winner, a young Black girl, proposes that they gather the rain from the gutters into clean trash bins and distribute the saved water. The day after the garbage bins are installed, a thunderstorm fills them to the top, but then a new problem arises. Sae Young watches as people scoop the water with pots and try to pour it into cans, spilling along the way. She quickly buys three funnels and lays them next to each of the garbage bins. When she sees people using them, she feels like she is part of a community that is almost like family.
Curtis sees the garden as a way to get his former girlfriend, Lateesha, back. He lived on Gibb Street when he was younger, three doors down from Kapp’s gym, where he worked out until he developed a muscular physique. He wanted to enjoy his youth and his many female admirers, but Lateesha broke up with him because she wanted him to commit. Curtis then moved to Cincinnati, and when he returned, he saw the garden across from Lateesha’s apartment.
Lateesha will not talk to him, so he decides to grow the biggest, juiciest tomatoes for her, remembering how much she loved her aunt’s tomatoes. He begins to tend six beefsteak tomato plants. Tίo Juan helps him stake the plants, and other gardeners give him tips, telling him about the diseases that could kill them. Curtis obsessively tends them, and they thrive right beneath Lateesha’s window. Below her apartment is a boarded liquor store where a few drunk people loiter. They shout insults and racist slurs at him, but he ignores them even though he knows that he could easily fight them. He hopes to show Lateesha that he is more than his physique.
Then, people begin to steal Curtis’s tomatoes. Other gardeners also complain of missing crops and of people sleeping in the garden. Curtis discovers that 15-year-old Royce, who reminds Curtis of his younger self, was abandoned by his abusive father and sleeps in the garden. Curtis makes a deal with him, buying him a sleeping bag, giving him money for food, and finding him a place beside his tomato plants where he can remain hidden at night. In exchange, he asks Royce to keep people away from the tomatoes. He hangs up a big sign that says “Lateesha's Tomatoes” for Lateesha and the world to see.
British caretaker Nora worries for Mr. Myles, who seems to have lost much of the spark of life. After suffering two strokes, he cannot speak and requires a wheelchair. He is a mystery to Nora, but her belief in healing walks prompts her to wheel him up and down Gibb Street for fresh air. One day, they see the garden. Mr. Myles, who often falls asleep on their walks, throws his hand up as they pass, and Nora stops. They watch. Once Nora feels they have lingered enough, she wheels Mr. Myles away. Again, he throws his arm up and motions for her to roll him into the garden. As they explore, she recalls that an ancient Egyptian medical treatise prescribed walking in a garden as a cure for mental illness. She realizes that Mr. Myles needs more stimulation than he can get from watching. On her next visit, she brings a plastic garbage can and a packet of seeds. Poking holes along the sides and filling it with dirt, she creates a raised bed for him. She shows him the selection of seeds, and he chooses beautiful flowers, planting them with care and concentration.
The two become regulars, gardening on their own until a downpour forces them to seek shelter with the other gardeners underneath an awning. There, Nora meets the other growers, and she and Mr. Myles become part of the group. When they’re absent, the gardeners always ask about Mr. Myles’s health. Nora becomes so attached to the garden that when she rides the Terminal Tower with out-of-town guests, she must refrain from pointing out the Gibb Street lot.
These chapters focus on Nurturing as an Act of Faith and Healing with the power to overcome separation in the garden, in individual lives, and within the neighborhood. Through the nurturing act of gardening, the gardeners slowly overcome their sense of separation and see that their actions carry shared benefits beyond the borders of the lot.
For Virgil, who, like the farmer in the Parable of the Sower, already believes that his efforts will bring forth double and more, the garden and its challenges test his faith. He continues to nurture the crops and pray to the locket, hoping that the lettuce produces enough to sell.
Whereas Virgil’s effort and faith are concentrated in the garden itself, Curtis begins working in the garden with the express goal of Overcoming Separation With a Shared Purpose; his faith is like the trailing vines of his tomatoes, reaching out into the neighborhood and forming connections. Though it is unclear whether his belief that he can win Lateesha back will pan out, Curtis’s gardening leads him to make a good-faith deal with the struggling Royce, whom he feeds and works to include in the garden, showing others that the unhoused boy is no one to fear. Through the garden, Curtis cares for the community, renewing his faith in himself and proving he has become more compassionate.
Sae Young’s story also illustrates the power of fear to keep people apart and the power of a common goal to bring them together: She uses the garden to heal from the trauma caused by the robbery, and her contribution to it—the funnels—passes through the hands of each gardener, their usefulness connecting all to the deeper shared mission of nurturing and caring. Her gift also bypasses the language barrier that exists between her and her neighbors—something that also isolates Mr. Myles’s, though his difficulty with words is the result of a stroke. Through the garden, Nora finally finds a way to communicate with Mr. Myles: He can share in the garden’s beauty and healing magic without having to speak.
This section contains some of Fleischman’s most distinct use of voice as a characterization tool. When writing as Sae Young, for example, Fleischman omits articles and allows fragmented sentences to stand. These choices make her stand out from the other characters, implicitly adding a layer to Sae Young’s inner conflict: She desires togetherness despite trauma and language barriers. When writing as Curtis, Fleischman chooses informal language and slang—e.g., his habit of reducing the word “them” to “‘em”—to emphasize his youth. Virgil’s voice is distinct as well; it is humorous in a way that emphasizes his naivete. It contrasts with the dryer wit employed by older and more worldly figures like Leona, who hyperbolically describes the smell of the lot’s trash as “enough to curl up a crocodile’s nose” (25).
By Paul Fleischman