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68 pages 2 hours read

Deborah Harkness

Shadow of Night

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2012

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Woodstock: The Old Lodge”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide describes and analyzes the source text’s depiction of historical sexism, the marriage of an underage girl to an adult man, miscarriage, death by suicide, recreational drug use, and rape.

Matthew and Diana timewalk to Matthew’s Oxfordshire “Old Lodge” in 1590, where he’s known as Matthew Roydon. They’re met by playwright Christopher “Kit” Marlowe. Kit is also a daemon, and he is prejudiced against witches and suspects Diana.

Matthew’s servant Françoise dresses Diana in period-appropriate clothes, and Matthew warns Diana to be on guard before they meet his associates. Downstairs they meet another writer, George Chapman, a human, or “warmblood,” who is more welcoming than Kit.

The next morning, Kit and another daemon, Thomas Harriot, discuss Diana’s unknown accent. She realizes his friends are an infamous, mysterious group of scientists and scholars called the School of Night. Diana realizes that fitting into Elizabethan England won’t be as easy as she thought. Françoise and another servant, Pierre, see the large de Clermont brand she got for breaking the covenant, realizing she’s a timewalker.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

Downstairs, Diana meets Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. They’re joined by the explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, who talks about the ongoing mystery of the disappeared English colonists at Roanoke. Kit tries to convince them to be suspicious of Diana. Matthew tells George, Kit, Henry, and Walter that Diana is from the future. He gives them the basics about her discovery of Ashmole 782, and how it led to her being hunted by magical creatures, forcing them to go back in time. Matthew’s friends debate protecting Diana; Kit thinks it’s dangerous, but Walter thinks they owe Matthew their help.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

The School of Night thinks up a “melodramatic” backstory for Diana to explain her strangeness. A shoemaker and glove maker fit her with appropriately sized clothes, and they immediately sense her differences. Matthew reassures her. Diana is worried about whether their actions will alter the future. She recounts her daily events vaguely in a diary, in case future historians find it. Her magic is changing. She starts seeing “time unwinding” but doesn’t tell Matthew.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

There is one magical woman, Widow Beaton, nearby. Matthew wants to summon Widow Beaton to help Diana learn to control her magic. Diana fears that associating with Widow Beaton will endanger her in a society suspicious of magic.

The next day, the School of Night attempts to make Diana look like an Elizabethan before Widow Beaton arrives. Widow Beaton is old and gray, with a milky eye and a wart on her nose. They don’t want to give Widow Beaton too much information, so they ask her to check whether Diana is a witch. She gives Diana a test that she recognizes from her youth. She failed the test at her own coming-of-age ceremony and is still unable to pass. To prove that she has magic, she holds a quince and draws the sun and life from it. Diana is perturbed that she can taste the sunlight the fruit has absorbed, and she can see threads of time. Widow Beaton believes they are trying to lure her in to trick her, as other witches are being betrayed and persecuted.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Later that week, the School of Night sit together after dinner. Diana reads from Walter’s copy of The Faerie Queene while Kit and Walter debate over the structure of Kit’s play, Doctor Faustus. Two vampires named Gallowglass and Hancock enter. They’d been in Cheshire with the 1590 version of Matthew, who was displaced by the 21st-century version when he traveled back in time. Diana learns that Matthew was part of the Congregation, which is hunting them in the 21st century. 

Hancock suggests Diana’s presence has to do with “Berwick”—the 1590 Berwick witch trial in Scotland. Diana is upset that Matthew would bring her to a time with an active witch trial. Gallowglass and Hancock say that a priest is coming to question Diana, and she would likely be on trial within the week. Gallowglass reveals that he is Matthew’s nephew. 

Matthew tells Diana to let him talk to the priest. One of the townsmen in attendance is the shoemaker from whom Matthew ordered Diana a pair of shoes. Matthew lies about how Diana is determined to go to church but cannot without proper shoes. The reverend reads the allegations against Diana. The School of Night defends her, but the reverend thinks Diana is making local people ill. Matthew orders them to leave.

Diana is worried that the men know Matthew is a vampire, since they were clearly intimidated by him. Matthew says they only know he is a spy.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

Matthew tells Diana that their mission is to find her a teacher; he thinks that his belonging to the Congregation and working as a spy for the queen is irrelevant. Diana is angered by his dismissive tone and secrecy, believing that he is slipping back into 16th-century patriarchal behavior. 

He explains how he fell into the employment of the queen. They realize that Kit, another spy, stirred up rumors about Diana: Diana sees that Kit is in love with Matthew.

Pierre brings Matthew a letter from his father, Phillipe, who is dead in the 21st century. He heard about Matthew’s disappearance from Cheshire from Gallowglass and Hancock and requests that Matthew visits him. Gallowglass says Philippe will be able to tell Matthew is older and from the future. Diana realizes this means Gallowglass and Hanock guessed she was a timewalker. She learns that Raleigh and Henry are also Knights of Lazarus, an organization led by Matthew and established by Philippe. Matthew and Diana decide to go to France together.

Diana thinks seeing Phillippe might heal Matthew’s grief; Phillippe died after being tortured by Nazis. The School of Night members disperse. Before leaving, Diana tucks her diary into Matthew’s library.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

This chapter is told in the third-person narration of Rima Jaén, who is organizing a small archive donated by the Gonçalves family in modern-day Seville. She looks through a 16th-century English commonplace book, which she doesn’t know is Diana’s diary. Diana’s name is removed, but it contains the lists and sentences she used to practice her Elizabethan handwriting. Rima’s supervisor dismissed the book, but Rima feels drawn to it. The book is sparse, but Rima knows a real person was behind it.

Part 1 Analysis

The action of Part 1 opens in media res, a literary convention in which a narrative opens in the middle of ongoing plot action. Shadow of Night begins with Matthew and Diana arriving in 1590s England, right where A Discovery of Witches ended. The novel is largely written as a continuation of this action, with minimal explanation of ongoing plot conflict or reintroduction to characters.

Diana has used her witch’s timewalking ability to send herself and Matthew to 1590 to look for the manuscript known as Ashmole 782. Diana thinks finding the manuscript will be easy, and their journey to the past fast and simple; however, she’s unwittingly embroiled in the late 16th century’s complex religious, political, and cultural struggles, leading to a redefinition of her and Matthew’s identities.

In England, Diana experiences and witnesses historical prejudice toward both women and witches, set against the backdrop of political tension between England and Scotland. Diana believed her role as a scholar of the 16th century would prepare her for life in Elizabethan England, but she is shocked by the difference between Gender Roles in Different Historical Periods. When George, who is sympathetic and friendly to Diana, hears about Diana’s job, he exclaims, “They let women teach at the university?” (26). Though George means no offense, his words exemplify the different roles for women in Elizabethan versus 21st-century England. Kit, who is antagonistic to Diana and in love with Matthew, is even more dismissive of professional women. He says that “[l]ady alchemists are nothing but kitchen philosophers” (26). He imagines women alchemists as doing domestic “kitchen” tasks, while male alchemists do the serious work of “understanding the secrets of nature” (26).

Additionally, prejudices of gender are combined with prejudice against witches, especially from Kit, who is a daemon. Marlowe belongs to a group of 16th-century Englishmen called the School of Night. William Shakespeare immortalized the historic School of Night’s lines in Love’s Labour’s Lost: “Black is the badge of hell / The hue of dungeons and the school of night” (IV.iii.274-5). The School of Night were a group of “mathematicians, astronomers, voyagers who had explored the New World, geographers, philosophers and poets” led by Sir Walter Raleigh and Earl of Northumberland Henry Percy, who are also both characters in the novel (“The Free Thinkers.” The Marlowe Society). Other prominent historical members who feature in the novel are Thomas Harriot, Kit, and a man named Mathew Roydon. Not much is known about the historic Roydon, so Harkness imagines him as the 16th-century English alias of Matthew de Clermont.

As men who value rationality, Raleigh and Henry both accept Diana, who thinks like an academic and bears the assertiveness and education of a 21st-century woman. For them, Diana’s intelligence and character take precedence over her being a witch. Kit thinks that being a witch makes Diana fundamentally untrustworthy, which demonstrates the entrenched prejudices various creatures carry against each other. The differing views of Raleigh, Henry, and Kit also demonstrate The Relationship Between Science and Superstition, as Diana herself is a representation of the intersection of science and superstition as both a decorated scholar and a powerful witch. For example, when Diana drains the life out of the quince, she is confused to find the taste of sunlight in her mouth, as if she is experiencing the energy of the fruit itself. This defies science and highlights Diana’s extreme power, which furthers tensions and suspicions: Diana is revealed to be a rare “weaver” witch, so her unusual magic fuels superstitions. Further, even local witches like the Widow Beaton are fearful that Diana might be trying to trap them, thus making it extremely difficult for Diana to initially obtain a tutor. Thus, Diana and Matthew face challenges related to Gender Roles in Different Historical Periods, The Relationship Between Science and Superstition, and The Complex Nature of Time both internally as a couple and externally because of their environment as a timewalking, “interspecies” couple on the run.

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