65 pages • 2 hours read
Lisa WingateA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
When Valerie returns to the cave to photograph the skeletal remains, everything has been removed, and the cave floor is swept clean. She and the park’s superintendent are later assigned to work a student fair together at Oklahoma State University, and Valerie asks the superintendent about the investigation. Privately, she is frustrated about being assigned to the student fair and is certain that the chief ranger and other managers are trying to keep her away from the investigation. The superintendent confirms her suspicions by dodging her questions and repeating the fact that the bones are a century old; he also stresses that the region’s history includes many outlaws and gangs who used the woods for their hideouts. He ends their conversation by telling her that the “brass” does not want any “hullabaloo about deaths in the park” (64).
Before leaving the Oklahoma State University campus, Valerie visits the library, hoping to find resources about the local history. On her way there, she reminisces about her husband Joel, who died in an accident in Yosemite where they both had worked as rangers. Joel’s accident occurred while he was trying to rescue a fallen rock climber. Valerie was on the scene but hadn’t been part of the accident herself because she had been pregnant and didn’t take the risk of climbing.
Valerie meets a research librarian named Mr. Wouda. He is intrigued by her questions about old stories of children missing in the mountains and tells her about female activists like Kate Barnard and Gertrude Bonnin, who were outspoken about the issues of child welfare, particularly the welfare of Indigenous children. Mr. Wouda mentions that his aunt, Alva Grube is an active member of this group of women, all of whom were ahead of their time in terms of fighting for social and legal protection for children. Mr. Wouda promises to send Valerie a packet of research on the topic. (The narrative will later introduce Alva Grube in the 1909 timeline as Olive’s travel companion.)
On the drive home, Valerie gets a radio call asking her to investigate an abandoned vehicle left at a lookout point in a remote corner of the park. The keys are in the car and the doors are unlocked, but there is no sign of the driver. There is evidence that a bear has rummaged through the car. Valerie finds a photo tucked into the car’s visor. It shows a teenage boy standing with Sydney. Valerie surmises that this boy must be Braden, Sydney’s brother. Valerie worries that something bad might have happened to him.
The railroad employees treat Olive completely differently than they do the “elf children” because Olive is well-dressed and relatively well-groomed. They believe her claim that her pony was spooked and give her water and food.
Before leading Nessa away from the railroad tracks, Olive leaves three biscuits on the grass for the other children. Despite Olive’s protestations, the children follow her and Nessa. They are filthy, dressed in rags, and underfed. They speak to Nessa in Choctaw. Olive is shocked at how quickly and eagerly Nessa chatters back; Nessa is usually very shy and quiet. When the children run off into the woods, Nessa follows. Reluctantly, Olive does as well. The children lead them to a tower of boulders next to a creek.
From the higher vantage point atop the boulders, Olive sees a house nearby. With Nessa as her translator, she learns that the house is not where the children live, but that a “good woman” lives there. Olive soon realizes that these children lack a caregiver and live in the woods. They all eat together. The oldest girl, who is close to Olive’s age, introduces herself as Tula. Her younger siblings are Pinti and Koi.
Tula, Pinti, and Koi gather berries and dandelion greens, which Tula leaves in a bundle on the porch of the house. The woman who lives in the house (later revealed to be Mrs. Grube) takes the bundle and leaves eggs and cheese in its place.
Valerie worries about Sydney and her brother Braden; she cannot imagine a good, safe reason why a high school student would park his car at a remote overlook and then disappear. Valerie has started learning more about the reputation of Mrs. Wambles’s foster home as well and does not believe that the children receive kind, attentive care while they are there.
The next day, after leaving Charlie at daycare, Valerie stops by Mrs. Wambles’s house. Mrs. Wambles isn’t home, and the children are at the local church, attending a camp. Sydney and the other children at the church camp are fascinated by Valerie’s ranger uniform and greet her excitedly. Sydney proudly tells the other children that Valerie is her friend. Valerie asks the playground attendant, Joanie, for a private conversation. Joanie points out the other children who are Mrs. Wambles’s wards. Joanie also warns Valerie that Sydney “tells tales.” Joanie claims not to have any new information about Braden.
Valerie is confused by her conversation with Joanie. Much of what Joanie says either doesn’t make sense or doesn’t match up with what Valerie has heard from other sources. For example, Joanie tells Valerie that Budgie Blackwell (Sydney’s grandmother) died and that the government seized her property for the national park; Joanie also claims that Budgie was buried in Oklahoma City because she got a free burial plot for having been a state politician. This story makes no sense to Valerie. Joanie also mentions that Braden had been working for a family friend at Parker Construction Company.
During the same visit, Sydney tells Valerie that Braden is “treasure hunting,” and that they are going to move away once he finds enough treasure. Mrs. Wambles arrives while Valerie is speaking to Sydney. Mrs. Wambles repeats the claim that Sydney exaggerates and cannot be trusted.
Tula, Pinti, and Koi show Nessa and Olive where they have been living in a dugout in the trunk of a large tree. Tula tells Olive their story. They are part of a Choctaw family, and they owned a parcel of land. Their mother and grandparents died one summer, and the court ruled that the children should be assigned new legal guardians other than their father. Their father traveled to the city to verify and contest the ruling, but he never returned. The children hid in the woods, and a stranger took over their property. Tula says that sometimes they see other children with similar fates who are also living in the woods.
Olive is reliant on Nessa to translate for her. Tula speaks some English, but not enough to have robust conversations. Olive decides that she and Nessa must continue their journey. She has to coax the reluctant Nessa to communicate her intent to Tula; Nessa wants to stay with their new friends.
The children decide to fish for one last meal together before parting ways. Near the river, they see recent evidence of people riding on horseback through the area. They determine that it isn’t safe to fish or to return to Tula’s tree dugout because both spots are too exposed. Tula convinces Olive to visit Mrs. Grube’s house and pretend to be a well-off girl whose pony spooked in the woods, just like she did with the railway workers. They hope to get some food and supplies with this ruse.
When Mrs. Grube answers the door, Olive introduces herself as Hazel Rusk, using her adopted sister’s name to hide her own identity. Mrs. Grube has a baby named Beau. Olive tells Mrs. Grube that she is traveling to Talihina to pick up medicine for her mother while her father is away working on the railroad. She claims that her pack pony threw her and bolted after being scared by a snake. Mrs. Grube seems to believe her story and calls to her husband in the next room. Olive is startled and frightened by the presence of the man because Tula has warned her that Mrs. Grube’s husband has been known to chase the children.
After a long, busy week, Valerie takes Charlie out to dinner again at Sardis Shores Cafe. She thinks back on the week, recalling her visit to Alton Parker at his construction company, Parker Construction. Braden had recently taken a job with Parker Construction, and Alton claimed to be an old friend of the family. Given that, Valerie was surprised by his lack of concern about Braden’s whereabouts. Alton was convinced that Braden is simply off in the woods and would return any day. On her visit, Valerie also searched the employee quarters where Braden had been living but found nothing of import.
Their server at Sardis Shores Cafe is Joanie, the friendly playground attendant whom Valerie met earlier in the week. Their conversation drifts back to Braden and Budgie Blackwell. Contradicting her story from earlier in the week, Joanie now states that Budgie is sick, not dead. When Valerie points out the contradiction, Joanie shrugs it off, saying that it is hard to keep all the gossip straight.
In the restaurant, another customer harshly tells Charlie that his mother is a “pine pig,” a derogatory term for a park ranger. Valerie is furious and wants to confront the man, but Joanie asks her not to, advising her that making a scene with the locals will only make Valerie’s life harder. Instead, Joanie reprimands the customer herself. Joanie and Valerie discuss the tensions between some of the locals and the park; the locals are angry about losing logging jobs and do not trust that the Park Service will do a good job managing the forest.
Before leaving the restaurant, Valerie asks Joanie if she knows how to get in touch with Curtis. Joanie points to a message board where Curtis has posted a flyer that advertises a litter of puppies available for adoption.
Mr. Grube informs Olive that he has been tracking her pony for a day. He reassures her that he can lead her to the pony in the morning. Olive spends the night with the Grubes, taking pleasure in helping to care for their baby.
After Olive has gone to bed, she overhears Mrs. Grube speaking to her husband about the Oklahoma Women’s Club. Mrs. Grube talks animatedly about female education, empowerment, and political involvement while Mr. Grube listens half-heartedly.
Mrs. Grube asks Mr. Grube’s permission to travel to Talihina for an upcoming meeting of the women’s club, where Kate Barnard—the Oklahoma state commissioner of charities and corrections, and an early elected female politician—will be giving a speech. Mr. Grube denies her request because he will be away from home for his job with the railway, and he refuses to allow Mrs. Grube to travel by herself. Frustrated, Mrs. Grube complains that her life is monotonous in their remote mountain home.
Olive awakens the next morning to the sound of the couple fighting about children (most likely Tula, Nessa, Pinti, and Koi), whom Mr. Grube accuses of stealing their eggs. Mrs. Grube argues that the children should not be left to fend for themselves and denies that the children stole anything. Mr. Grube and Olive find her pony. The pony is injured after days alone in the woods and will need time to heal before he can make the journey into the mountains.
When Mr. Grube leaves for his week-long shift with the railroad, Mrs. Grube proposes that Olive travels with her to Talihina in a day or two. Mrs. Grube plans to defy her husband and attend the women’s club meeting. Olive agrees to travel with Mrs. Grube, and plans to have Nessa, Tula, Pinti, and Koi follow secretly behind them.
In this section of the novel, local characters like Joanie and Mrs. Wambles repeat the claim that Sydney cannot be trusted because she embellishes and exaggerates. These repeated claims are jarring for Valerie, who sees through Sydney’s stories to the youthful needs and wants that motivate them. These repeated claims also underscore the novel’s motif of storytelling, which is used to emphasize the various ways in which people’s stories can be changed by personal motivations, biases, and even the passage of time. As Valerie struggles to parse fact from fiction, tension builds around the parallel mysteries of Braden and Budgie Blackwell’s whereabouts.
Several key characters are present in both timelines, fulfilling different roles in each. For example, Mrs. Grube is introduced in Chapter 7 when the librarian tells Valerie about his “scandalous” aunt whose political activism decades ago was progressive for the time. While the 1909 timeline initially describes her only as the “Good Woman” in Chapter 8, she is introduced by name in Chapter 10 when Olive knocks on her door. However, by this point, the 1990 timeline has already indicated that Mrs. Gruber will be an ally for the girls rather than an additional hazard on their journey. In this case, the dual timelines act as a form of foreshadowing and set the stage for Mrs. Grube’s aid, which fits with the novel’s modern perspective on her life of activism. This narrative structure facilitates deeper characterization and builds dramatic irony, as the author has revealed the essence of Mrs. Grube’s character well before Olive and her group learn of it for themselves.
The setting becomes a vital component to connect the two timelines in Shelterwood, and within each narrative thread, key areas also provide deeper insight into local attitudes and brewing conflicts. A prime example occurs during Valerie’s tense encounter with the locals in Sardis Shores Cafe in Chapter 11 when an irate restaurant patron insults Valerie because he sees her as a representative of the national park. He therefore treats her as though she is personally responsible for the political tensions and conflicts of the area. Because the Winding Stair Mountains and surrounding areas are rich with resources like timber and oil, the history of the land’s stewardship and ownership is unique and complex. Indigenous nations, including the Choctaw people, were forcibly relocated to this southeast corner of Oklahoma in the early 1800s, and during the conflict and underhanded dealings that took place throughout the following century, the rights to the land and resources were exploited, as were the Indigenous people who were forcibly resettled there. The novel seeks to bring these conflicts into greater focus by dramatizing many of the dynamics at play, and the altercation at the restaurant indicates that the creation of a national park in the area has given rise to resentment and opposition, given that the new federal protections mean limited access to timber and oil. All of this detail is unique to the novel’s setting and complicates Valerie’s efforts to solve the mystery of the unidentified skeletal remains and the mystery of Braden’s disappearance.
In forestry, the term “shelterwood” refers to mature trees that are strategically left standing so that younger trees can mature under the shelter of their branches. In addition to being featured in the title itself, the motif of shelterwood becomes very prominent throughout the novel. It is more deeply explored in Chapter 10 when Olive and Nessa see Tula’s treehouse for the first time. Although the term “shelterwood” is not used to describe their home, the solid, cozy structure of the treehouse becomes a powerful example of Nature as a Source of Healing and Refuge, for this particular tree is literally sheltering young lives. Tula and her siblings have found a modicum of safety and stability in the wild, building a home for themselves that reflects their resilience and ingenuity. Unfortunately, that safety is short-lived, as Olive and Tula soon determine that the area is no longer hidden well enough to protect them from Tesco and the other ill-intentioned adults who are searching for them. Even though they are forced to flee from this haven, the motif of shelterwood will continue to facilitate the recurring theme of nature as a source of refuge even as its limitations are revealed. While the natural world does offer the children a measure of peace and security throughout their journey, it is also clear that such havens and protections can be defeated.
By Lisa Wingate