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62 pages 2 hours read

Saul Bellow

The Adventures of Augie March

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1953

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Chapters 16-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Thea takes Augie to a house that may belong to either her or her husband. People throng around them to see the eagle. They eat lunch, and Caligula hunts lizards while Augie is introduced to the man who manages the luxury hotel next door. When one of the lizards attacks Caligula, Thea accuses the bird of being a coward. Later, Augie speculates about their relationship as they lay in bed together. When they visit a bar, everyone seems to know Thea well. He must explain that Caligula is not his pet bird. They discuss the situation with writers and practice hunting from horseback with Caligula. Again, the eagle is bitten by a lizard, and Thea hurls rocks at Caligula, forcing him to fly away. They find him on the roof of their house, and when Augie approaches with meat, Caligula flies to him. Augie is left alone to deal with the eagle. He meets Thea’s friends and the small community in the city, including writers whom Thea hopes will teach her how to write about Caligula. One of the men is a young wealthy Mexican named Talavera, whom Augie immediately dislikes.

Thea loses faith in Caligula and spends her time developing photographs while Augie suffers from a mild bout of dysentery. When rain falls outside one day, Augie stays inside to read. Thea asks him to fetch her some photographic paper, and he walks the streets until someone calls to him. He is invited inside by one of Thea’s friends, a “weird-story writer” (350) named Wiley Moulton. Inside, he meets an elderly magazine editor named Oliver, another writer named Iggy Blaikie, and a beautiful young woman named Stella. They discuss Thea and the eagle. Stella invites Augie to the Carlos Quinto hotel for a drink with them that evening.

When Augie returns home, he is more determined than ever to train Caligula. Thea is out and returns in the evening with two dead snakes. Augie convinces her to make amends with Caligula, and the next day, they resume the training. During the training, he slips from the horse, is kicked “square in the head” (361), and blacks out.

Chapter 17 Summary

Augie wakes up with a cracked skull and a missing tooth. Thea shot the injured horse and helped Augie to a doctor. She gives Caligula away to a zoo and nurses Augie back to health. Augie insists that he does not need round-the-clock care, so they argue. She only leaves the house to hunt.

When Augie is alone, he reads or receives visitors. Moulton and Iggy visit him, announcing their plans to throw a big party for Stella in their new villa. Augie is bored, so he spends more time playing cards with Moulton at his hotel and soon puts “all [his] time into gambling” (369). Much to the other players’ annoyance, Augie is a skilled poker player.

He feels his relationship with Thea is faltering. When she leaves on a two-day hunting trip, she returns to find Augie away from the house, and she is upset that he is spending all his time with “that gang.” When her divorce is eventually finalized, she turns down Augie’s proposal. She admits that she must rely on her family if her plans to become independently wealthy do not work out.

One day, while watching cars pass through the streets, Augie notices a string of cars approaching the cathedral. They are escorting an important person: “[T]he great Russian exile” (374), Leon Trotsky. Augie discovers that one of Trotsky’s bodyguards is his friend, Sylvester. Meanwhile, Frazer is now a secretary to Trotsky.

Stella begins to plan her party while a treasury agent ominously arrives in the city. Stella suggests that she wants to talk privately with Augie, but she cannot slip away from Oliver. When Oliver erupts with anger at a poker game, he assaults someone. The police arrive, and Augie protects Stella from being arrested. Later, Thea asks him what happened. Augie insists that Stella is in love with Oliver, but Thea is not convinced. She invites Augie to accompany her to Chilpanzingo to “get away from these people” (378), and he agrees.

Chapter 18 Summary

On the night of Stella’s party, Thea reluctantly agrees to attend with Augie. The party is a “goons’ rodeo,” and though she wants to leave, Augie abandons Thea with Moulton when Stella signals to him. Stella asks him for help, and in the privacy of the woods, she explains that Oliver is wanted by the government because he edits a magazine whose owner has been arrested. Oliver plans to escape to South America, Stella says, though Augie suggests that he give himself up to the government official who is searching for him. Stella confesses that she has no intention of following Oliver. The entire party, she admits, is an elaborate ruse to cover for their escape, but she wants Augie to take her back to Mexico City. Augie suggests that he can help, and he is impressed by Stella’s assessment that they are both “the kind of people other people are always trying to fit into their schemes” (384).

He returns to Thea, only to find that she has gone. When he drives away from the house with Stella, he runs into a crowd of people. Thea is there, and she demands to know why Augie is with Stella. She suggests that she help Stella rather than Augie, but he invites her into the car instead. They do not reach an agreement, so Augie drives away with Stella. He quickly becomes lost, however, and then the car breaks down. The country roads are too dangerous to walk along, so Augie and Stella spend the night beside the car. Eventually, they have sex, and Augie thinks about how Thea was right to assume that he was interested in Stella.

In the morning, Augie restarts the car and takes Stella to a nearby town, offering her money to make her escape. She tells him her agent’s name, allowing him to track her down in the future. They part ways, and Augie returns home to Thea, who is regretful and jealous. Augie confesses that he and Stella had sex but tries to defend his infidelity by pointing out that Thea cheated on her ex-husband. Thea tells Augie that he is too desperate to please people. They argue about their relationship and whether Thea’s plans for the future are too “fantastic.” When they realize that their relationship is doomed, Thea leaves, and Augie smashes items in the house. He then packs his bags and leaves. In the street, he passes Moulton and then sees Iggy and his daughter. When they ask about his luggage, Augie breaks down in tears.

Chapter 19 Summary

Iggy helps Augie back to the villa, where he despondently asks whether he can repair his relationship with Thea. Iggy suggests that Augie does not truly love her, but Augie rejects this. He decides to follow Thea and locates a bus headed to Chilpanzingo. Just as he is about to board, Moulton stops him and reveals that Thea is actually with Talavera—revealed to be her former boyfriend—in the mountains.

Augie boards the bus anyway, determined to find Thea. He finds her hotel and confronts her, searching around for signs of Talavera. She refuses his offer to rekindle their relationship and points out that he would always use her affair with Talavera against her. She wishes harm upon him and, one final time, denies his advances as she has “no use” for him. Their relationship is over.

Chapter 20 Summary

In Acatla, Augie despondently lingers around the town. He meets a Russian person and spends time with them but can find nothing to keep him in the area without Thea. He “[gives] up on waiting for Thea to forgive [him]” (413), sells his possessions, and returns to Mexico City, where he reaches out to Sylvester for financial help. Sylvester’s colleague, Frazer, introduces Augie to “a friendly Yugoslavian” journalist named Paslavitch (414), who covers events in Mexico for his national newspaper. Fazer has a plan in which Augie will pose as Trotsky’s “nephew from the States” (416), but the plan quickly falls apart. Instead, Augie borrows money from Paslavitch and travels back to Chicago.

Chapters 16-20 Analysis

During this section of the novel, the narrative moves outside of America for the first time. Given the novel’s focus on the idea of American identity and its relation to The American Dream, Augie’s first big trip abroad allows him to view his own society from an external perspective. The time that Augie spends in Mexico is vital to his understanding of his own identity, as well as the particularly unique nature of his background. Augie is not an American by birth; he moved to the United States with his family at a young age, leaving behind Canada. At no time, however, does he identify as Canadian. Augie considers himself American because he grew up in a underprivileged immigrant neighborhood in Chicago, and the immigrant experience of moving to a new place and discovering new cultures is fundamental to the American identity. When he travels to Mexico, however, he is in a foreign culture. He does not speak Spanish and spends most of his time associating with fellow immigrants. He spends time with people from every nationality except, seemingly, Mexicans. As a result, he feels like an outsider for the first time. Though he is not explicit in his conclusions, the time he spends as an outsider in Mexico is instructive to Augie’s understanding of himself as an American in the United States. Later, he will sign up to defend America during World War II. The experience of traveling to Mexico and seeing the United States from this new perspective only makes Augie more convinced of his American identity and that his experiences and story are indicative of the American experience as a whole.

On a more personal level, the trip to Mexico charts the rise and fall of Augie’s relationship with Thea. At first, their journey is filled with excitement and possibility. Though Augie acknowledges that the idea of traveling to Mexico to make a living by hunting lizards with eagles is absurd, he allows himself to be swept along by the delirious romance of Thea’s proposition. This is not just a date or a relationship; it is an adventure. The more time they spend together, however, the more Augie comes to realize that he does not truly know Thea. She is distant from him, more a collective of his projected assumptions than an actual character in her own right. She is also bitter and argumentative; each time they fight, she moves further from Augie’s idealized version of her. As the distance between the actual Thea and the idealized Thea grows, he makes progress in his Self-Exploration and Search for Identity. While Augie might never truly understand Thea, he comes to regard himself as a hopeless romantic. While this does nothing to save his current relationship, it casts a shadow over his future romances.

An important moment in the Mexican adventure comes when Augie tries to train Caligula on horseback. Caligula is itself a symbol as an eagle—the US national bird—that is relocated to Mexico and fails to dominate the local prey as expected. Like Augie, the eagle is out of place, represented by his name arising from a misunderstanding—the locals remark “el águila,” meaning “the eagle,” but Augie interprets this as “Caligula.” Additionally, Caligula alludes to the Roman emperor who was known for cruelty and extravagance. This reference reflects on Thea’s behavior while training the bird: She is violent and tyrannical, pelting it with rocks when it cannot conform to her outlandish plans for it. The horse adds an additional complication to this training, and it kicks Augie in the head when he falls. The incident is the most direct physical harm that Augie has suffered, and for the first time, he is physically dependent on someone else for his well-being. Thea escorts him to the hospital and helps him while he recovers (which provides a subtle echo of Augie helping Mimi after her abortion). The kick to the head is Augie’s anagnorisis, the moment of realization in his Mexican period. After this point, he no longer sees Thea with the romanticized expectations that he projected on her. The plans she sold him of hunting from horseback with an eagle have placed him in harm’s way. After this jolt of realization, their relationship begins to unravel, and Augie becomes less naïve. Never again does Augie allow himself to fall so helplessly and misguidedly in love.

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