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The work opens in August 1942. It begins at the White House, from the perspective of an anonymous American sniper, a “loose jointed man of medium height, medium hair between brown and blond, and mud-colored eyes” (2).
The sniper is undercover as a journalist, listening to the reporters around him speculate about the woman sniper on a Soviet delegation. Several of them insist that 26-year-old Lyudmila Pavlichenko cannot possibly be a real soldier despite her nickname of “Lady Death.” They insist her record is fabricated for the purposes of exaggerating Soviet military achievements. The sniper reflects that Lyudmila’s welcome will soon give way to infamy: “[T]en days from now, all the headlines would read, Russian female sniper murders FDR!” (3)
The narrative switches to Eleanor Roosevelt’s perspective. She is concerned about her husband, who fell out of bed earlier that morning. Eleanor knows her husband is sensitive about his disability. She is most concerned by his remark that his enemies would welcome even greater infirmity. She hopes his determination will carry him through the days, and years, of war.
The narrative moves to five years earlier, in prewar Kyiv, Ukraine, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union. Mila Pavlichenko, a university student, arrives home terrified because her five-year-old son, Rostislav (known throughout by the diminutive “Slavka”), is missing. Mila’s mother explains that Slavka is with his father. Mila is incensed, knowing that her husband, Alexei, is procrastinating ending their marriage, as he missed a recent appointment. Her mother tries to point out that Alexei is financially secure as a surgeon and that a reconciliation would be best for Slavka.
Mila arrives at the shooting range, relieved to find her son but angry that Alexei has given their child a rifle to practice with. She knows her husband is pleased to see she was terrified that he may have taken their son permanently. Alexei calls her kroshka, the Russian word for “breadcrumb,” a nickname she sees as reflecting his contempt for her: “[A] crumb was something that could be flicked away into the dustbin, a piece of trash” (11). Mila notes his confidence and skill with the rifle. His ambition and talent are what first drew her to him; at the time, he was a 30-year-old surgeon and pursued a relationship with her when she was only 15.
Alexei explains he is shooting to prepare for the coming war, but Mila reminds him that as a surgeon he will be needed outside battle. Alexei is disappointed when his son cannot shoot. He insinuates that Slavka is another man’s child. Mila tries to show Alexei that she recalls her shooting skills, but she misses. He holds the rifle above her head, mocking her inability to take it from him.
As they leave, Slavka is concerned that without a father, he will not grow into a proper man. Mila assures him that she will be all the parents he needs. As she speaks to him, she addresses him by both his first name and his patronymic, Alexeivich, reflecting his father’s name. (This formal address is more normal between adults in professional situations; its use here suggests the gravity of the exchange.) She promises Slavka that she will teach him to shoot and decides to transform her hobby into an official marksmanship training course. She promises herself it will signify a stage of her life with “no more mistakes” (21).
Mila begins her marksmanship course, with an instructor reminding them that war lies ahead and they should view the course as preparation. Mila drills herself on every detail of weapons, eager for a part of her life where she can easily find success. Mila’s instructor uses her full name and patronymic, Lyudmila Mikhailovna. (This mode of address is common in educational, professional, and other public settings, and it also appears in the chapters dealing with Mila’s military service.)
Mila’s instructor is particularly demanding with her, pushing her to participate in a difficult exercise to destroy only the bottom of a bottle. She excels and graduates from the course a year later.
Throughout the novel, Mila’s narration shifts into the past tense to emphasize that, unlike her published memoir, this narrative is an uncensored account of her life. Adopting this perspective now, looking back at her marksmanship course, Mila says that no one understands that her drive for perfection explains her wartime record. They were unnerved that any woman could kill, especially a bibliophile with a warm personality. She says her transformation began “when [she] heard a rifle sing in [her] hands as [she] buried a bullet through the neck of a bottle and sent the base flying into diamond shards…and [she] realized who and how [she] could be” (30)
In its opening sections, the novel introduces several major characters, all of whom will eventually meet and find their lives changed by the encounter. Eleanor Roosevelt, the American sniper, and Mila each introduce different aspects of a key theme: Gender Norms and the Nature of Heroism in a world favoring cisgender men. The sniper is distinct from the men around him at the White House in that he is a trained killer in disguise, yet he shares the others’ skepticism and contempt for Mila. At this stage in the narrative, both Mila and Eleanor are plagued by doubt and fear. Eleanor senses her husband has deeper anxieties than the war and governance, but she does not name them.
In 1937, Mila is burdened with responsibilities of work and parenthood and a husband who refuses to see her humanity even as he has abandoned her and their child. While life with Alexei might be materially easier than life on her own, she knows the emotional costs are too high. He ignores his child’s obvious desire to please him and rejects Mila’s fitness as a parent in favor of implying she was unfaithful. Mila’s responses to Alexei become a measure of her character’s growth and evolution. While the USSR officially proclaimed gender equality as part of its commitment to socialism, Mila’s power is limited in practice, and she still needs Alexei’s permission to finalize the divorce before she can become legally free of him.
Mila’s young son has already absorbed the lesson that women alone are insufficient parental figures. Mila’s decision to learn to shoot, then, reflects her determination to shed the weakness associated with femininity and compensate for Alexei’s failures. Shooting offers her a clear, unambiguous path to success—a path especially appealing in a world where she is subject to men’s whims and assumptions. Her firearms instructor, in contrast to others in her life, presumes Mila’s competence, not weakness, and pushes her to demonstrate her skills.
This leads to the older Lyudmila—as the narrator—reflecting on her career and assumptions about her character. Sniper work strikes outsiders as intensely impersonal, distant, and cold. This image clashes with Mila’s unassuming appearance and optimistic nature, as well as her poetic side. She describes her rifle “singing” to her, an activity usually associated with fine arts and creativity, challenging the reader to see her as multidimensional and complex. When she shoots the bottle during target practice, she compares the shattered glass to diamonds, evoking her future encounter with the American sniper who carries the real jewels. Diamonds and jewelry, in this narrative, are like Mila herself—they seem delicate or even trifling until one considers their strength and value.
By Kate Quinn
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