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Robyn HardingA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The primary protagonist of The Drowning Woman is Lee. While Hazel functions as a secondary protagonist and both women are point-of-view characters, the novel characterizes Lee in slightly more detail, and the first section is from her perspective. A complex character, Lee has varied motivations and internal conflicts. She’s a former restauranteur who went bankrupt after COVID-19’s effect on business at her New York City restaurant, the Aviary. Her identity was closely tied to her restaurant, which she describes as “[her] passion, [her] true love, [her] social life, [her] family” (40), and she feels lost without it. Her accepting investment money from Damon, a criminal, shows that she prioritized her dream over her reservations about him. Throughout most of the novel, Lee lives in her Toyota Corolla. She often reflects on how she viewed unhoused people with ambivalence before becoming one and now empathizes with those in similar situations. She’s likewise empathetic with Hazel. Though she’s initially surprised that someone so privileged could be so unhappy, Lee quickly begins to feel sympathy for Hazel’s situation and the abuse she’s suffering.
Lee was formerly close to her parents and sister, Teresa, but is estranged from them at the beginning of the novel. She experiences deep guilt about the event that broke the relationship: She caught Teresa’s fiancé with another woman, but rather than telling her sister, Lee attempted to extort him. Although she feels very guilty and considers her actions unforgivable, she begins to forgive herself by the novel’s end. After speaking with Sean about how his brother treated him, she decides that, by comparison, what she did is forgivable and calls Teresa. While Teresa remains cold, Lee is determined to keep calling her sister annually. In contrast to her sister, Lee is willing to give second chances. Even after learning about Hazel and Jesse’s plot to incriminate her for Benjamin’s murder, she helps Hazel by giving the audio files to the police and ultimately offers Hazel a job in her Panama restaurant, which shows that she’s shrewd but willing to give people the benefit of the doubt.
For the first part of the novel, Lee’s circumstances make her somewhat passive. This character trait is partly because she has limited choices in her economic situation and partly because she feels downtrodden and guilty. At the beginning of the novel, Lee’s passivity is evident in her relationship with Jesse, whom she acknowledges she wouldn’t have liked in her old life. Though he becomes increasingly sexually aggressive, she stays with him because she’s desperate for touch and affection. One of her character trajectories is a shift from passivity to drastic action, as evident in the novel’s later chapters when she investigates what happened to Jesse, decides to turn the audio files in to the police, and then escapes to Panama and opens a new beach restaurant. She’s curious and committed to the truth: Even when she has two plane tickets and knows that she’s still in danger in Seattle, Lee feels driven to investigate what happened to Jesse and unearths his real identity as Carter.
The novel’s secondary protagonist, Hazel is one of the point-of-view characters. Despite their divergent economic circumstances, Hazel and Lee are remarkably similar and quickly become friends. Both feel trapped in their situations: Lee in poverty and Hazel in an abusive marriage. Hazel acknowledges that she traded on her beauty for much of her life and sought a rich husband. Lee describes Hazel as having an “effortless elegance, a sense of refinement” and finds her captivating (28). Hazel is a talented baker and finds some solace in baking the goods she brings to Lee on the beach. Her personal ambition is to open a bakery.
Hazel describes herself as sexually curious and suggests that this was why the rumors of Benjamin’s interest in kink didn’t immediately repel her. Over time, she became very passive as a result of Benjamin’s physical and emotional abuse. For almost a decade, she was unable to make her own decisions, and she has difficulty reclaiming her agency even when Benjamin is in jail. Like her relationship with her husband, Hazel’s relationship with Jesse involves attempting to please him even when doing so is contrary to her needs. As Lee observes, Hazel “is so weak and damaged from her husband’s obvious cruelty; it’s no wonder she fell under Jesse’s spell” (209). Like Lee, one of Hazel’s character arcs is her shift from passivity to action. She eventually distances herself from Jesse’s plan to incriminate Lee, throwing Lee’s knife into the ocean instead of stashing it, as agreed, in her laundry room. Later, she attacks Benjamin with her keys in the hotel parking lot to escape him and eventually flees to Panama.
Hazel experiences thoughts of death by suicide and plans to carry them out at several points throughout the novel. She’s portrayed as depressed and certain that she has no other options to seek freedom. Lee describes her friend as a “tragic heroine caught between beauty and ugliness. Between privilege and abuse” (104). In addition to her circumstances, Hazel’s affection for and devotion to her mother characterize her. Her mother raised her alone, and both she and Hazel were prone to living beyond their means. After her mother developed early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Hazel had to put her into substandard state care, which was all she could afford. One of Hazel’s motivations for being with and then staying with Benjamin was the promise of a better life for her mother at a well-appointed private treatment facility. Hazel clearly loves her mother deeply and is distraught when she disappears.
Though Jesse initially appears as a romantic interest for Lee, the novel gradually reveals that he is an antagonist. The first revelation is his involvement with Hazel and their plans to kill Benjamin and escape together, but the larger revelation is that Benjamin actually hired him to murder Hazel. His brother, Sean, describes Carter as sociopathic and enjoying violence. Whereas Sean feels that he fell into a life of crime, he insists that his brother chose it. Sean also comments on how his brother always dated multiple women and was adept at making them fall in love with him. He’s highly sexual, and while he initially feigns tenderness, he becomes more sexually aggressive with both Hazel and Lee over the course of their relationships. He’s fit and works as a personal trainer during the events of the novel. While he was in jail, he devoted much time to exercising and weightlifting.
Jesse lives in a small, run-down apartment yet drives an expensive Audi. While he explains that he has the nice car to impress his wealthy personal training clients, Lee is suspicious, and the novel ultimately reveals that his circumstances indicate his criminal history and involvement with Benjamin. Hazel notes that she “knew Jesse was not simply a personal trainer. He had a past he wouldn’t talk about. Tattoos on his body that looked suspiciously unprofessional” (140). Nevertheless, she’s surprised when he suggests killing Benjamin and shocked when she learns that Benjamin had actually hired him to kill her.
Hazel’s husband, Benjamin, is another antagonist in the novel, though this role is more immediately overt through Hazel’s actions and appearance when Lee meets her. A criminal defense attorney, Benjamin is wealthy and powerful within the community. When Lee sees a picture of him, she thinks, “He is younger than I’d expected—or maybe he’d had work done. His face was lightly lined, dark hair silver around the temples. He was undeniably good looking, but I saw the hard glint in his gray eyes, the capacity for cruelty” (71). While he initially tells Hazel that he’s a dominant interested in a “master-slave” BDSM relationship, Hazel clarifies that he isn’t actually a dominant sexually but just a sadistic person, “a bully. A manipulator” (136). Hazel’s feigned nonconsent quickly lost Benjamin’s interest, so he then insisted on her pain and humiliation being real and began abusing her both emotionally and physically. Later in the novel, Hazel learns that Benjamin was married before and that his first wife died in a suicide that was ruled a car accident after she divorced him. In addition to torturing Karolina while they were married, Benjamin attacked her character by releasing a degrading sexual video to all her acquaintances after their divorce. This demonstrates that he’s petty and that his motivations involve cruelty beyond controlling the women he interacts with while they’re married.
Benjamin is proud, and Hazel is certain that public knowledge of her planned death by suicide would anger him because of its damage to his reputation and because it would constitute a loss of control. He belittles Hazel’s ambitions, such as opening her own bakery. He views her as unintelligent and treats her like an object rather than a person. The extent of his cruelty and motivations remains somewhat ambiguous throughout the novel. For example, after Hazel’s mother goes missing, she thinks about how Benjamin “is shallow, cruel, a heartless narcissist, but only a true psychopath would injure an innocent old lady” (272). Though Hazel eventually realizes that her mother actually wandered off of her own volition, the question of Benjamin’s involvement increases tension and questions about his character. He lacks a character arc throughout the novel, and his characterization forms more through Hazel’s experience of abuse than through his actual appearance in the plot. While his cruelty is clear, the novel doesn’t clarify his motivations and reasons for cruelty.
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