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59 pages 1 hour read

Sarah Perry

The Essex Serpent

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 2, Chapters 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “To Use His Best Endeavor”

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “April”

Spencer writes to Charles, stating that he wants to use his wealth to address London’s social housing crisis. Cora writes to Stella, thanking her for dinner and inviting her to Colchester. She also encloses “a note for the good Reverend” (109) and a leaflet that she hopes he will “find interesting” (109): a copy of the “original pamphlet warning of a flying Serpent” (110). Will replies, thanking her. At the end of April, Cora, Martha, and Francis move into a “grey house beside Aldwinter common” (112). Cora is more determined than ever to find the Serpent. Francis approves of the move and feels as though he has grown up in recent months.

Garrett is summoned to a medical emergency by Sister Maureen Fry, who sees Garrett as a proxy for her own “disruptive fierce ambition” (114). A man has been stabbed in the heart and may be a viable candidate for Garrett’s ground-breaking surgery. On older surgeon named Rollings tries to ward Garrett away and allow the patient to die in peace, but Garrett will not be dissuaded, and he preps for surgery. Garrett examines the patient and talks to the patient’s mother, seeking permission to perform his experimental surgery. Spencer blocks the door to keep out the meddling administrators. The mother agrees. Garrett performs the surgery. After a long and complicated procedure, Garrett stiches up the man’s heart and saves his life. Garrett slips out and enters a cupboard, struck by a sudden fit. Then, he “began instead to cry” (120).

Cora and Will meet on the common. Cora has been exploring in the two weeks she has been in Aldwinter. She describes the animals she has seen but she has seen “neither hide nor hair” (122) of the Essex Serpent. They arrive at the rectory and Will invites Cora inside. Stella serves cake and they gossip about Charles, who has “turned philanthropist” (123) due to Martha’s influence. Cora regales her hosts with tales of “Outcast London” (124) and the city’s poverty. Stella retires to bed, apologizing for her tiredness and blaming the flu. Stella leaves Cora and Will alone, and “there came a slight alteration in the air” (125).

Will invites Cora into his study and shows her his discovery, which Cora suspects is the fossil of “a kind of lobster” (127) named hoploparia. Cora is curious about how Will became a priest and she asks him, as she believes it to be a shame “that in the modern age a man could impoverish his intellect enough to satisfy himself with myth and legend” (128). Will prickles at the suggestion. Cora confesses that her interest in nature is a reaction to her dead husband’s restrictive view on domesticity, as it gives her liberty. An awkward silence falls on the conversation, and Cora announces that she should leave. They exit the house together and talk more freely. Cora confirms that some creature resembling the Essex Serpent may exist in the Blackwater estuary. They approach the water beside World’s End. Together, they watch a ship fly above the horizon and stand with “her strong hand in his: children of the earth and lost in wonder” (131).

Will writes to Cora from the reading room of the British library about what they saw. He believes they witnessed a Fata Morgana illusion, whereby “a particular arrangement of cold and warm air creates a refracting lens” (133). He is glad that they “were both deceived” (134) rather than him alone. Cora responds that she “saw what you saw; I felt what you felt” (135).

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “May”

Naomi remembers Joanna’s invocation to spring. She draws sea serpents in charcoal on her schoolwork. One night, she goes out searching for her father and enters a pub. Inside, the men examine her and “is all at once aware that something is very wrong” (138). That night, Matthew Evansford paints chicken blood on the doors in Aldwinter to ward off the Essex Serpent. Cora feels as though she belongs in Essex and finds a lump of amber on a shore. She visits Will regularly in his study. They discuss natural phenomena and argue with one another about “faith and reason” (139); both are astonished to discover that they are friends, rather than enemies. Stella is unconcerned by their close friendship but is still affected by her flu.

Garrett has become a celebrity, though is “in disgrace with his seniors” (140). However, he remains poor and regrets that his patient’s wound had no truly penetrated the heart, meaning that his achievement is not “much of an achievement at all” (140). He worries that he has become sidelined in Cora’s estimations. He exchanges looks with Martha; both are confused by Cora’s friendship with Will. Spencer has become obsessed by social housing. Cracknell keeps a candle burning in his window to ward off the Serpent.

Will meets Francis while out walking. Francis asks the vicar about “sin”; Francis has counted each mention of the word in Will’s weekly sermons. They throw rocks at the skeleton of a rotting ship—nicknamed Leviathan—to illustrate that “to sin is to try, but fall short” (143). Francis’ questions become more profound until he is satisfied. He thanks Will, shakes the vicar’s hand, and then the two walk home.

Joanna’s friendship with Martha has spurred her intellectualism. Naomi feels their friendship becoming more strained and resents Martha. One day, Cora gives a talk to the class. She tells them that “all the earth was a graveyard with gods and monsters under their feet” (146). When the children ask questions, the topic eventually turns to the Blackwater. Cora flouts Will’s request not to put “ideas in their heads” (147) and says that there may be ancient animals still alive today. Then, Cora sets the class a challenge. Whoever paints the best picture will win a prize from her. Naomi, full of resentment that Cora seems to have stolen Joanna away from her, spills a glass and convinces herself that the Serpent is coming. The sensation spreads quickly through the children and the class erupts in hysterics, so much so that one girl falls and hurts her wrist.

Cora writes to Garrett, mentioning that “something went through the children here as fast as fire” (151). She describes it as “something in the mind, and down they all went like dominoes” (151). Garrett replies and says he will visit Aldwinter soon. Spencer writes to Martha about his growing political activism. Garrett travels to Aldwinter, thinking about Cora and worrying that Will is a romantic rival. Cora awaits his arrival, concerned about the effect she had on the children. Joanna no longer wants to be alone and has not laughed since. Later that week, Garrett places Joanna under hypnosis to shed light on “the Laughing Incident” (155). The adults have questioned the children in the aftermath, and though they have found nothing, Garrett, the “London physician” (156), believes that “there’ll be something at the heart of the matter—a shared memory or fear” (156).

Garrett hypnotizes Joanna. She is lulled to sleep and awakes when Will bursts angrily through the door. He has felt his envies stirred by Garrett’s presence. The two men briefly tussle; Joanna wakes; Cora splits apart Will and Garrett. Will exits with his wife and daughter, “not sparing a glance for Cora” (160). Martha announces that “no good ever came of leaving London” (160).

Burton, the man Garrett saved via surgery, is visited by Martha for the third time. Martha knows Burton’s nurse through her political connections and she finds him to be “peaceful” (162) company. Martha has plans afoot, and Burton bemoans that his medical condition prevents him from helping. As Martha is about to leave, Burton points at his wound and says “I deserved it, you know” (163). Before the attack, he had been a far more outgoing man. Some of his comments—“just teasing” (164), he insists—were taken badly by a man named Hall. Burton has been something of a bully to Hall; when he interfered with Hall’s romantic life, Hall had stabbed him and ran away. Burton’s shame is evident, and Martha shares a story of her own: She knows that she is manipulating Spender’s romantic interest in her for political ends. He kisses her on the cheek and asks that she visit again soon.

Cora returns to Colchester and sits down beside Taylor; they have “a great deal to discuss” (167). Cora believes that all of Aldwinter is haunted, but that “they’re haunting themselves” (168). She reads a newspaper article about weather phenomena resulting from the Krakatoa eruption and mentions the “phantom barge in the Essex sky” (168). Charles and Katherine arrive. Charles has heard from Will and Cora is “in disgrace” (169). He chastises her for her actions and Cora is sad. They retire to a pub to discuss Stella, who cannot shake her flu. She considers asking Garrett about Stella and promises to write to Will. When Cora does write to Will, she refuses to apologize. Will replies in a formal letter, stating that “naturally you are forgiven” (173).

Part 2 Analysis

The structure of the novel and the deployment of various narrative modes very much come to the forefront in Part 2. The continued use of letters, for example, provides the audience with an insight into how the characters present themselves to the world. While the letters are written from a first-person perspective, they do not allow the reader to access any more of the characters’ thoughts or emotions than the characters wish to allow. The changing styles of address, for example, indicate the characters’ growing familiarity, even if they are not explicitly stating it. Cora begins by addressing “Reverend Ransome” (110) and later switches to the less formal “Will”; when Will wishes to admonish Joanna for placing his daughter under hypnosis, his letters become more formal and concise, reflecting his anger and his imposed distance from Cora. Though the characters are not explicitly stating these emotions, the literary style allows them to be presented in the subtext and made clear to the reader.

This is also true of the switch from past to present tense. In the section titled “May,” the novel switches narrative modes. Thus far, everything has been written in the past tense. This is a traditional narrative mode and is familiar to readers of English literature; the use of the present tense is less common, and the switch between the two creates a clear juxtaposition. The chapter focuses on the litany of changes that are occurring in the village with the passing of the seasons. The use of the present tense adds a sense of speed and urgency to the descriptions of events in the village, as though the audience is struggling to notice everything at once. Events overlap and intertwine, and there is little time for reflection before the narrative moves on. This style is used several times throughout the novel, allowing the narrative to shift forward at a considerable speed. While the past tense is used for the more important moments, the present tense allows the story to progress quickly and efficiently. Like many of the characters in the text, the audience feels suddenly discombobulated, as though events have taken on a life of their own. With Cora and Will’s relationship developing, Naomi resenting her lost friendship with Joanna, and Martha feeling as though Cora is slipping away from her, the narrative mode reflects the feelings of these characters. Just like the events rushing by the reader, the events are rushing past the characters. As the story accelerates, the characters (and the reader) are swept along and unable to stop events that may deeply affect them.

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