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53 pages 1 hour read

Jacqueline Kelly

The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2009

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Chapters 15-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “A Sea of Cotton”

Callie’s father meets with the other major landholders in Caldwell County, and they decide on the date for the cotton harvest. When that day comes, the county becomes extremely busy. School is canceled so that the children can help their families with the harvest. Callie’s family hires an “army” of African American workers to harvest their cotton. Viola and two other women cook for the workers while Mother takes over the role of cooking for the family. All of Callie’s siblings have jobs assigned to them: Harry picks up supplies, Lamar and Sam Houston take the numbers from the scale house and report them to the tally board, and Callie watches the children of the workers. Callie discovers that Lamar and Sam Houston are paid for their work, and she complains to her father about not being paid herself. Lamar tells her that girls should stay home and not make money, which enrages Callie. Their father relents and agrees to pay Callie a nickel a day for her work.

The next day, as Callie watches the children, Sul Ross (her seven-year-old brother) tells her that he wants a job too. Callie sees their grandfather leave the house to collect specimens, and she decides to pay Sul Ross two pennies to watch the children. She runs to her grandfather and tells him that she will still be making three pennies even though Sul Ross is doing all of the work. Her grandfather looks disappointed by her words. He tells her that she could become a real “woman of commerce” (202).

Chapter 16 Summary: “The Telephone Comes”

The telephone is introduced in Fentress, and Callie thinks that society is on the brink of change. The telephone is to be placed in the newspaper’s building due to its proximity to the cotton gin and its significance within the community. Callie’s grandfather is excited because he personally knows Alexander Graham Bell and has stock in his company. Callie is excited to learn that the telephone company is hiring a young woman to work as the phone operator; whoever is hired will be paid 10 dollars a week along with receiving room and board; this is entirely unheard of, and Callie desperately wants the job. She asks Harry if she could pass as a 17-year-old, and he laughs at her.

On the day that the telephone company is hiring, dozens of women from several towns line up to be interviewed. The telephone company hires Maggie Medlin, the sister of one of Callie’s “annoying” classmates. When the telephone is finally ready to be used, the town celebrates by holding a ribbon-cutting ceremony and gathering around to listen to the mayor speak with a senator in Austin over the phone for the first time. Standing with her grandfather, Callie watches all of this happen in wonder and awe. Granddaddy tells her that she should remember this day, for the “old century is dying” (208). The photographer from Lockhart, Mr. Hofacket, takes a photo of the group. Callie notices that everyone in the photo is wearing solemn faces except for her grandfather, who wears a large smile.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Home Economics”

One Saturday morning, Callie’s mother stops her as she gets ready to go to the river with her grandfather. Her mother is worried that Callie is falling behind other young women in learning the “essentials” of homemaking. Her mother asks her how she plans to feed her family when she gets older, and Callie states that Viola can cook for her family too. Her mother reluctantly lets her go, but Callie can tell that the conversation is not over. One day, Callie’s teacher tells the class that each student must enter their stitching work in the Fentress Fair. Callie’s mother later asks to check her work and asks if Callie is proud of what she has created. When Callie states that she’s not, her mother asks why she doesn’t make work she can be proud of, and Callie says that sewing is boring. Her mother lectures her on the importance of learning to sew, but Callie becomes lost in her own thoughts. Callie’s mother tells Callie to show her the stitch work that she does every night.

After dinner one evening, Callie overhears her parents speaking about her in the parlor. They discuss their concern for Callie’s future, and she realizes that she doesn’t really have any agency in her life; she is expected to care for her household, not her experiments. Callie begins to cry softly, and her youngest brother J. B. finds her standing against the wall. He wordlessly hugs her and asks if she is sick; she tells him that she might be. They go back to Callie’s room together and speak about their grandfather for a while. J. B. tells Callie that their grandfather scares him. He wishes Callie a good night and tells her not to be sick.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Cooking Lessons”

Callie’s time slowly becomes filled with domestic tasks. As she is sitting in her room reading A Tale of Two Cities, her mother calls her down to the kitchen to receive cooking lessons. Mother tells Callie that they will be making apple pie. Callie’s reluctance makes both Viola and Callie’s mother uncomfortable, but they coax her to try nonetheless. After multiple failed attempts and much resistance, Viola helps Callie place and crimp the edges of the top crust, adding a letter C for Callie, and places the pie in the oven.

At dinner that evening, Mother instructs Callie to serve slices of her pie to the members of her family, telling them that Callie made the pie. J. B. asks if he can learn how to make pie, and Mother says that one day he will have a wife to bake him pies, so he doesn’t have to learn. Callie has a difficult time serving the pie, breaking the crust and scoping up the filling, but her family smiles at her appreciatively. Callie is saddened to see that the project she worked on all afternoon is gone within minutes.

Chapter 19 Summary: “A Distillery of Success, of Sorts”

Granddaddy calls Callie downstairs one evening to taste the results of their pecan whiskey experiment. After they find the jar, Granddaddy states that the results look promising since there is very little sediment left inside. He smells it and asks Callie to do the same. She tells him that she doesn’t want to drink it because of what happened last time, and he tells her to only smell it. Callie observes that the whiskey smells like pecan pie, and Granddaddy raises a toast to Callie’s health before drinking the whiskey. Granddaddy states that he has done an amazing thing by turning perfectly good pecans into “something approximating cat piss” (233), and Callie is bewildered by his words. Callie writes his observation in the log, and Granddaddy corrects her spelling.

Chapter 20 Summary: “The Big Birthday”

By October, Callie and Granddaddy have yet to hear anything from the Smithsonian about their plant, and Callie has learned more about cooking than she would have liked. In October, Callie and three of her brothers have birthdays. All the children are excited until their mother tells them that this year they will have a large, joint birthday party instead of individual ones. The children protest, but their mother stands her ground. On the first Saturday in October, the Tate family holds one of the largest parties that the county has ever seen. All the children from the town have been invited to celebrate.

Much to Callie’s dismay, Sam Houston, Travis, and Lamar circulate around Lula; Lula’s mother is glad of this fact, for she hopes to marry Lula off to one of the Tate brothers. Eventually, Callie pulls Lula away. Lula asks if Callie is sick because she has consistently been in a bad mood. Callie admits that she doesn’t like doing the things that other girls do and tells Lula that she might want to go to University. Lula seems confused by this idea, so Callie changes the subject. At the end of the week, Granddaddy’s present to the children arrives in a crate from Austin: a gorgeous parrot named Polly. The entire family is shocked and unsure of what to do with the bird; Polly screeches and sings loud, lewd sea shanties. They place Polly in a corner of the parlor, but when she tells one of the guests to “bugger off,” Calpurnia’s mother demands that Polly be sent away. Luckily, Mr. O’Flanagan, the assistant manager of the cotton gin, loves birds. The pair makes a happy couple, and Polly is missed by nobody in the Tate house.

Chapter 21 Summary: “The Reproductive Imperative”

Harry is invited to dinner with Fern Spitty, one of the young women that he spoke to at the collective birthday party. Fern “came out” in Lockhart as part of a group of five young women from wealthy families. She is from Lockhart, but she is staying in Fentress with her cousins, one of whom is Lula. The next morning, Callie interrogates Lula about what happened at dinner between Harry and Fern. Lula reveals that Fern and Harry had spent time alone on the porch unchaperoned. Callie tells Lula that three of her brothers have a crush on her, and Lula is surprised and embarrassed. She demands to know who, and Callie reluctantly admits that it is Lamar, Sam Houston, and Travis; she says that if she were Lula, she’d definitely pick Travis. Callie makes Lula swear not to tell anyone that Callie told her about her brothers’ feelings.

That evening, Callie approaches Harry as he is writing a letter and asks him if he has ever kissed a girl. Surprised, Harry admits that he has, but he refuses to say whom. Harry asks why she is asking about this, insisting that she must have a boy that she likes. Callie becomes upset, demanding to know why she is required to get married; she admits that she has other aspirations, and she asks Harry if he would support her if she wanted to be a scientist. Reluctant, Harry says that he will always help her but that she needs to speak with their parents about this matter. He tells her to go away so he can finish his letter, and Callie leaves with no resolution or promise from Harry.

Callie joins the rest of her brothers and grandfather on the porch, and she sits beside Granddaddy, thinking deeply. Granddaddy asks her why he hasn’t seen much of her lately, and she explains that she has been forced to learn domestic tasks. Callie quietly asks her grandfather if women can be scientists too, and her grandfather is shocked by the question. He apologizes to Callie, stating that he has been ignorant, and he begins to name many influential women throughout the world of science, such as Kovalevsky and Anning. Callie absorbs this information and wonders why nobody ever told her about these women before, but she goes to bed feeling vindicated, knowing that she is not alone in this world.

Chapters 15-21 Analysis

When the novelty of the telephone arrives to change the small town of Fentress, it highlights the ongoing theme of Empowering Women Through Science and Education, for its presence offers Calpurnia and other women a means of social progression. Most significantly, the introduction of a well-paid job designated only for young women inspires Calpurnia and reinforces her determination to study science and forge a life of independence for herself. It is also symbolically significant that the first call is from Austin, a city that represents modernization and progressivism. The momentous nature of the event is further emphasized when Granddaddy tells Calpurnia that “the days of whale oil and coal dust are over. The old century is dying, even as we watch” (208), for his words emphasize the looming change that is on the horizon as the 19th century comes to an end.

As a sharp contrast to this sign of progress and innovation, Calpurnia continues to suffer from The Challenges of Defying Social Expectations. Pressure from Calpurnia’s mother to learn to cook and knit becomes more severe, and she forces Calpurnia to endure hours of lessons on these tedious domestic skills. Calpurnia quickly shows her mother that she has no talent for these tasks and struggles immensely to knit socks and bake pies. Calpurnia becomes extremely frustrated with her mother’s lessons, and she asks Viola why she has to learn these things. When Viola implies that even questioning the necessity of the existing social order is unbelievable, Calpurnia feels hopeless, wondering if she is “doomed to the distaff life of only womanly things” (218), and her thoughts illustrate how alienated she feels from the world around her simply because she dares to question social norms and gender roles.

Similarly, Calpurnia’s attempt to tell her best friend Lula that she wants to go to university is met with confusion, for just like the other female companions in Calpurnia’s life Lula, as Calpurnia’s character foil, cannot comprehend why her friend would not want to get married and have children as expected. When Calpurnia faces a similar reaction from her eldest brother Harry, who was always her biggest supporter, she is dismayed to realize that he will not support her in this particular cause. Thus, the scene reflects the damaging power of Family Dynamics in the Late 19th Century, for despite Calpurnia’s aptitude and ambitions, she can find almost no one to support her goals for the future because they do not conform to her family’s dominant expectations. She only finds a sense of hope when her grandfather, who represents the positive power of relationships, tells her about the many women who have contributed to natural science. This news shocks Calpurnia and empowers her to overcome The Challenges of Defying Social Expectations despite the adversity that she may face from her family and her community.

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