49 pages • 1 hour read
Elena FerranteA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Elena’s missing doll, Nani, is the central symbol of The Lost Daughter. To Leda, the doll is “the shining testimony of perfect motherhood” (62): It symbolizes the bond between Nina and Elena, a bond that seems so different from Leda’s troubled relationships with both her mother and her daughters. However, up close, the doll is dirty and ugly, suggesting that the beauty of motherhood is an illusion. Seeing Nina and Elena play with the doll reminds Leda of her own unhappy childhood, living in fear of her mother’s threats to leave. It also reminds her of her struggles as a young mother raising two daughters. She feels jealous of what Nina and Elena have as both a mother and a daughter, and she takes Nani to complicate Nina’s motherhood.
Elena’s doll also reminds Leda of Mina, her beloved childhood toy. When Bianca mistreated Mina, Leda was angry and hurt. She wanted Bianca to love the doll because it was important to her. In this way, the doll becomes a symbol of what Leda lost in becoming a mother. Motherhood forced Leda to give everything up: her childhood toy, but also her career and her independence. She lost the ability to have things that were important to her and respected by others. By taking Nani, Leda symbolically tries to reclaim some of what she lost when she became a mother.
Leda also compares mothers to dolls, recalling that she used to treat her mother like a doll, dressing her and combing her hair, but that her mother disliked it and pulled away. The experience was so painful to Leda that she vowed to let her daughters play with her however they liked, “patiently” becoming their doll. However, like her mother, she grows to dislike this kind of play, during which her body feels “inanimate” and “without desires.” Dolls thus symbolize for Leda the way mothers are objectified, reduced to things or “functions.” When Leda becomes her daughters’ doll, she ceases to exist as anything else.
The sea appears from the novel’s first pages as the herald of Leda’s memories. It is a place that Leda associates with unhappy memories of both her mother and daughters, memories that she is forced to confront throughout her vacation. Leda remarks, “In the past I had loved the sea, but for at least fifteen years being in the sun had made me nervous” (12). In the first chapter, Leda thinks of her mother warning her not to swim in dangerous water, inspiring a fear that has followed her all her life, even with no sign of rough ocean. She also remembers the trauma of losing Bianca on the beach and the indignity of Lucilla “seducing” her daughters during a beachside vacation. Despite the negative associations, Leda decides to take her holiday at the beach, a symbolic gesture of reclaiming her past and herself and defeating the anxieties of motherhood.
There are several instances of rotting and decay in The Lost Daughter. It is a motif that furthers the theme of Motherhood and the Complexity of Female Identity, illustrating Leda’s maternal experience and destabilizing the myth of the perfect, natural mother. When Leda first arrives at her oceanside apartment, she is greeted by a tray of fruit that “shone as if in a still-life” (13). Upon closer inspection, however, the underparts of the fruit are brown and rotting. Another key example is the dirty, putrid water in Nani’s stomach. The doll frequently vomits “black spittle” in a grotesque gesture that reminds Leda of her second pregnancy, when she felt like “rotting matter without life” (123). The fruit, the doll, and Leda’s pregnancy are things assumed to be good and beautiful. However, upon closer inspection, they are ugly, dirty, and decaying, suggesting how the difficult and ugly parts of motherhood are hidden or ignored.
By Elena Ferrante