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62 pages 2 hours read

Jessie Burton

The Miniaturist

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2014

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Part 4, Chapters 36-44Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “January, 1687”

Part 4, Chapter 36 Summary: “Spores”

On New Year’s Day, Nella goes to Johannes’s warehouse dressed in Cornelia’s clothes. She discovers at least a thousand sugar loaves. While some of the sugar is damp or moldy, Nella believes most can be saved.

Part 4, Chapter 37 Summary: “Stadhuis”

Nella visits Johannes in his cell at the Stadhuis. He has two black eyes and expects to face the death penalty. Nella talks of convincing the Meermanses to relent, but Johannes says Frans has wanted revenge for a long time. Revealing that prisoners are often tortured on the rack, Johannes admits he is bound to confess under these circumstances. He tells Nella she has “been a miracle” (305).

Part 4, Chapter 38 Summary: “Verkeerspel”

Nella returns home to find a wooden cradle in the hall: a larger version of the miniaturist’s design. She rebukes Marin for commissioning the cradle, criticizing the expense and pointing out that the neighbors may have seen its arrival. They argue, and Marin slaps Nella. Marin tells Nella she will not hire anyone to help with the baby’s delivery as midwives are legally bound to record the child’s father’s name.

Later, Nella and Marin play verkeerspel. Nella reveals that Johannes will likely be tortured in prison and begs her sister-in-law to tell Frans about the baby. Nella admits she learned from Cornelia about Johannes’s intervention in the potential marriage. Marin confirms that Johannes vetoed Frans’s proposal but only because she asked him to. She says that, although she loved Frans, she wanted to retain the freedom she enjoyed as head of her brother’s household. Johannes lied to Frans to protect his sister’s reputation and, thus, sacrificed their friendship.

Part 4, Chapter 39 Summary: “The Hopeful Loaf”

Nella wants to sell the sugar without the expense of using an agent. She has the idea of selling to the confectioner, Arnoud Maakvrede. Marin writes to Arnoud, pretending to be Johannes. She meets the Maakvredes at the warehouse, and Arnoud agrees to buy 100 loaves. Negotiating fiercely over the price, Nella agrees on 1,500 guilders. She intends to give 1,000 guilders to the Meermanses and use the rest of the money to bribe Jack.

Part 4, Chapter 40 Summary: “Wild Beasts Must be Tamed by Men”

Nella and Cornelia attend the first day of Johannes’s trial. Schout Slabbaert is the judge presiding over the case (a schout is a local governmental official). Agnes Meermans is in the courtroom looking uncharacteristically agitated, and her husband, Frans, sits behind her. Hanna Maakvrede joins Nella and Cornelia and says they will soon want more sugar.

Johannes, having been tortured, struggles to walk as he enters the courtroom. He denies the charges against him. Schout Slabbaert comments on the number of young male apprentices Johannes has employed. He also disparagingly refers to Johannes’s employment of “a Negro.” Johannes’s accuser is called to give evidence.

Part 4, Chapter 41 Summary: “The Actor”

Jack appears wearing a blood-stained bandage for effect. Schout Slabbaert reads Jack’s account of being stabbed and “sodomized” by Johannes. Jack affirms the statement, adding that Johannes called him “his little niece” during the attack (337). When the trial ends for the day, Nella follows Agnes, who has looked uncomfortable during the proceedings. Realizing Agnes has dropped something, Nella discovers a doll in her own likeness.

Part 4, Chapter 42 Summary: “The Guilder and the Doll”

Nella picks up the doll of herself that Agnes dropped. Pastor Pellicorne stands outside the courtroom proclaiming that Johannes’s wealth has corrupted his soul. Sending Cornelia home, Nella approaches Frans, but he is unmoved by her appeal to have mercy on Johannes. He takes the money Nella offers from the sale of the sugar and is disturbed when he sees the doll she holds in her other hand. Nella is about to reveal that Marin is pregnant when Frans orders her never to show the doll to anyone else. He discloses that Agnes has commissioned items from the miniaturist and claims they have ruined his life. Frans describes how he hid the miniatures, but Agnes found them and believed they reflected the truth (he does not disclose exactly what the miniatures revealed or how they did so). After burning Agnes’s cabinet, he took the St. George Militia to arrest the miniaturist, only to find the premises deserted. Nella declares that Marin’s decision to reject Frans was a wise one.

Part 4, Chapter 43 Summary: “Arrival”

Cornelia returns, telling Nella there is something wrong with Marin. When they get back to the house, Marin’s water has broken. Nella wants to fetch a midwife, suggesting she can bribe the midwife to keep quiet, but Marin refuses. Recalling the births of her younger siblings, Nella advises Marin to pace to facilitate the labor. Hours later, Marin finally gives birth to a girl. She calls the baby Thea.

Part 4, Chapter 44 Summary: “The Tale-Teller”

Nella wakes up and realizes she is late for the trial. She instructs Cornelia to stay with Marin, who is in pain and still has the umbilical cord inside her. Marin reiterates that they should not fetch a midwife. As Nella is leaving, Cornelia urges Nella to take a closer look at the baby. However, Nella hurries out, instructing Cornelia to get a wet-nurse or midwife to check Marin over.

Nella arrives at court in time to hear Frans give his account of Johannes’s “attack” on Jack. Agnes has already testified. Frans claims he acts in God’s name and wants to save Johannes’s soul. During his testimony, he drops his hat on several occasions. When he looks at Johannes, he begins to cry.

Johannes demands to speak before the verdict is decided. He declares that everyone in the room is a sinner and judgment will catch up with them all. Placing a hand on Frans’s shoulder, Johannes says he forgives him. He also addresses Jack, predicting that he will always make trouble but never be content.

The jury finds Johannes guilty, and Schout Slabbaert sentences him to drown with weights around his neck. His execution is set for Sunday at sundown. Nella shouts to Johannes that she will come to see him. She then glimpses the miniaturist leaving the room.

Part 4, Chapters 36-44 Analysis

In Part 4 of the novel, the rising action reaches its peak. The consequences of the Brandt household’s secrets coincide as Johannes goes on trial and Marin delivers her baby.

Nella continues to take an active role in trying to salvage the situation. Her decision to sell the sugar without the expense of an agent is astute. She also shows herself as a natural businesswoman in her negotiations with Arnoud Maakvrede. The sense of power Nella feels with the warehouse key around her neck represents the theme of female autonomy. The protagonist is now mistress of her household and the capable manager of her husband’s business interests.

Chapter 38 illustrates Nella’s and Marin’s reversed roles, as Nella criticizes her sister-in-law for commissioning the cradle. Now the more cautious of the two women, Nella not only rebukes Marin for the expense but reminds her of the importance of maintaining appearances. The theme of female autonomy again surfaces when Marin reveals how she chose not to marry Frans out of a reluctance to give up her independence. The revelation demonstrates the strength of Johannes’s fraternal love for Marin, as he sacrificed his friendship with Frans to protect his sister’s reputation. It also recontextualizes Johannes’s current plight, as Frans’s determination to ruin him springs from vengefulness. Johannes pays for his loyalty to Marin with his life.

Marin’s confession about the proposal gives a brief glimpse into her interior life. However, she remains secretive in all other matters. Despite Nella badgering her to tell Frans about the baby, Marin withholds that Frans is not the child’s father. Marin’s insistence on going without a midwife highlights her determination to keep her baby’s race a secret.

The symbol of caged birds returns when Nella compares her husband’s imprisonment to a “great owl” that is “locked in an aviary” (307). In these chapters, Nella’s relationship with Johannes deepens, underlining the novel’s exploration of different types of love. Nella shows profound compassion for her husband, attempting to help and comfort him in his darkest hour. When Johannes takes his wife’s hand, declaring she has “been a miracle” (305), Nella realizes their platonic love is as profound as any romantic relationship she could have wished for.

During Johannes’s trial, Jack’s former experience as an actor becomes relevant as he brings theatricality to his false testimony. Not only does he confirm Frans’s account, but he embellishes it by claiming Johannes called him “his little niece” while assaulting him (337). The blood-stained bandage Jack wears from the long-healed wound caused by Otto adds authenticity to the claim that Johannes stabbed him.

By contrast, due to the miniaturist’s intervention in their lives, Frans and Agnes Meermans display a lack of composure. Agnes’s visible discomfort while her husband sits behind her indicates she is conflicted over complying with Frans’s wishes. During his testimony, Frans’s clumsy handling of his hat (a symbol of his social status) betrays his unease. He does not reveal the nature of the “[e]vil hints and vile mockery” sent by the miniaturist to his wife (344). However, the novel implies that the miniatures and messages have opened Agnes’s eyes to her husband’s less attractive attributes.

Johannes becomes a scapegoat for the citizens of Amsterdam. While Johannes has contributed to the city’s wealth, Pastor Pellicorne uses the accused’s material success against him, claiming it to be the source of his corruption. Johannes’s persecution articulates Amsterdammers’ unease about the conflict between their wealth and their religious beliefs. By trying the wealthy merchant and sentencing him to public execution, they believe they can expunge their own sins of greed and covetousness. Johannes highlights this hypocrisy in his pre-verdict speech in which he accuses Slabbaert and Frans of trying to detract from their own “sins and […] weaknesses” (364). Employing the rising tide motif, Johannes’s prediction that “the waves will drown us all” foreshadows his manner of death while also anticipating Amsterdam’s forthcoming economic decline (365).

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