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22 pages 44 minutes read

Richard Connell

The Most Dangerous Game

Fiction | Short Story | YA | Published in 1924

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Literary Devices

Foreshadowing

Connell includes several instances of foreshadowing in the story. Such hints of future events contribute to the sense of foreboding that builds and, in some cases, increase the story’s ironies. One example of foreshadowing is the superstition surrounding Ship-Trap Island, which foreshadows the horrors Rainsford later finds present on the island. As Whitney and Rainsford stand on the ship deck and sail past the island, they discuss the fear sailors feel about the island, and Whitney admits he felt a sense of dread as they drew near the island. Even the island’s name, “Ship-Trap,” contributes to the foreshadowing. The reader later learns that Zaroff uses a light to trick ships into crashing against the sharp rocks on the island, trapping the crew for his use as prey. In this case, Connell’s use of foreshadowing contributes to the story’s mood, creating a sense of trepidation that is later fulfilled when the reader learns of Zaroff’s cruelty to humans.

Another instance of foreshadowing is the high-pitched screaming sound Rainsford hears from the ocean before coming ashore, which foreshadows Zaroff’s hunting practices. The sound strikes Rainsford as curious because it’s unlike any animal he’s heard before. Ironically, the reader later learns that an animal did not make the sound; a human did. Further examples of foreshadowing in the story function in similar ways, contributing to the suspenseful mood and highlighting irony.

Imagery

Connell’s imagery works in tandem with other literary devices in the story by contributing to the foreboding mood, establishing instances of foreshadowing, and highlighting symbols. For instance, Connell sets a mood of apprehension with descriptions of the dark night as “thick warm blackness,” with “palpable” darkness “like moist black velvet” (1). Furthermore, Connell describes the Caribbean Sea as “blood-warm” water when Rainsford falls overboard, adding to the foreshadowing that violence is in store. These vivid sensory descriptions hint at the danger and horror that lie ahead.

Imagery also highlights the symbolic nature and juxtaposition of the jungle setting and Zaroff’s hilltop mansion. When Rainsford makes it to the island shore, Connell emphasizes the harsh and unforgiving landscape, calling it a “snarled and ragged jungle” (3). Upon sighting Zaroff’s chateau, imagery calls to attention the contrast between the beautiful building and the untamed natural setting. In this way, Connell’s imagery shows the contrast between the jungle and refined palace and Zaroff’s cruel nature and refined manners. Overall, Connell’s use of imagery shapes the reader’s understanding of the setting and mood and highlights the symbolism of the jungle landscape in contrast with Zaroff’s chateau.

Irony

Perhaps the story’s most notable irony is that Rainsford, a big game hunter with no sympathy for the animals he hunts, becomes the prey, forced to participate in a game he does not want to play. One could argue that Rainsford has given in to his base instincts by the end, becoming a “beast at bay” (15).

Another example of irony is the seeming contradiction that exists within Zaroff’s character. Zaroff has the appearance of an educated and refined gentleman, yet his nature is anything but gentle. Despite his hospitality to Rainsford upon his arrival, Zaroff is not a kind host but rather a selfish brute. Connell uses Zaroff’s words to highlight the irony that exists in Zaroff’s character when he expresses surprise that a “modern and civilized” person would “harbor romantic ideas about the value of human life” (8). Zaroff’s repeated mention of being “civilized” contributes to the irony of his character as well (8). Zaroff concerns himself with maintaining niceties such as electricity, gourmet food, and tasteful décor. Yet, he does not uphold basic moral standards such as respecting human life. Connell’s use of irony contributes to the theme about civilization, sympathy, and morality.

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