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62 pages 2 hours read

Jack London

The Sea-Wolf

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1904

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Chapters 16-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

In his new position as mate, Humphrey finds support from the sailors. They help him to understand Larsen’s orders, and Humphrey quickly begins to learn the intricacies of sailing. Larsen is proud of his handiwork and says that Humphrey has “discovered your [legs] and learned to stand on them” (115). Humphrey himself is proud of his progress, but he tempers this with a reminder that the Ghost is “a hell ship of the worst description” (115) for the sailors. As punishment for the attack on his life, Larsen works the sailors exceedingly hard with few breaks and broken sleep. Johnson’s spirit seems broken completely, but Leach actively continues to combat Larsen.

Instead of killing Leach, Larsen claims that it amuses him to keep the man in suspense; he desires extremes of emotion, “of exciting Leach’s soul to a fever pitch” (117) that will inspire Leach to live to the fullest. Humphrey disagrees with this, to which Larsen responds that Humphrey is only trying to “compromise with [his] conscience” (118) for failing to live up to gentlemanly moral standards.

Near Wainwright Island to refill their water casks, the sailors Harrison and Kelly attempt escape. However, Larsen had ordered the hunters Henderson and Smoke to watch out for such occurrences. The hunters begin shooting at the escapees, aiming closer and closer, shooting both their oars and forcing them to wait adrift in the ocean for the Ghost to regather them.

The atmosphere on board is grim and dejected as the crew begins hunting seals for several months. Leach approaches Humphrey to ask him to visit his father in San Francisco when Humphrey returns, not expecting to make it back alive himself.

Chapter 17 Summary

The Ghost reaches Japanese waters and begins following the seal herd, hunting as they go. Humphrey remarks on the abject slaughter of the animals, as well as the materialism that drives the hunters and sailors partake in such brutality, musing that men slaughter animals so “that they might later adorn the fair shoulders of the women of the cities. It was wanton slaughter, and all for woman’s sake. No man ate of the seal meat of the oil” (121). As the hunters daily set out with their teams, the Ghost is manned by Humphrey, Larsen, and Mugridge. Humphrey muses on how much he’s changed, both physically and mentally, since coming aboard the ship. As he learns more about sailing, he strives to prove to Larsen that he can “live in ways other than of the mind” (123).

One day, while the men are out hunting, a storm approaches on the horizon. Larsen, Mugridge, and Humphrey must sail through the storm while picking up each of the boats. Humphrey’s newfound skills are tested as each man concentrates on their tasks. As they work, Humphrey admires Larsen’s capabilities, “pitting his will against the will of the storm and defying it” (128). In such circumstances, Humphrey realizes the necessity of Larsen’s strength.

As the boats are retrieved, the storm rages, and Kelly is lost as the men attempt to recover a broken boat. A sailor’s finger is crushed. Humphrey amputates it. There are still three boats missing in the storm as Humphrey and the others settle down to rest.

Chapter 18 Summary

Larsen and Humphrey set Mugridge’s ribs, broken during the storm the previous day. As the weather clears, the crew searches for the missing boats. They have joined the rest of the sealing fleet and spend a few days boarding different schooners in search of their men. Over five days, they recover two more boats. Certain crew members—Henderson, Holyoak, Williams, and Kelly—are officially lost. The crew resumes hunting seals.

Further north, the sea fogs descend, making it difficult for the Ghost to keep track of its boats—but also making it easy for Larsen to capture boats from other ships and claim their hunters and sailors for the Ghost’s crew. Humphrey struggles to reconcile his morality with his impulse to kill Larsen: “I could not quite rid myself of the idea that right conduct for me lay in killing him” (136). The fear that Larsen inspires in his crew, as well as his cruelty, confuses Humphrey’s sense of right and wrong. When Larsen is struck with one of his headaches, Humphrey is now familiar enough with sailing the Ghost that he can take command.

Leach approaches Humphrey and asks how far they are from Yokohama. Humphrey eagerly tells him they are about 500 miles away, as well as the bearings Leach will need. The next morning, one of the boats is missing along with Johnson and Leach. Larsen hunts them down mercilessly for three days, when a boat is finally spotted. Believing it to contain the runaways, Larsen bears down upon the boat—only to discover that there are five people in it. Believing Larsen to be on the verge of killing Johnson and Leach, Humphrey goes below to retrieve a loaded shotgun to kill Larsen if necessary.

Inside the boat is a woman, Maud Brewster, with four men. Larsen brings them aboard and orders Humphrey to fix up the port cabin for the Maud’s use. Humphrey is overcome by her presence, reflecting that he is “aware of a hungry outreaching for her, as of a starving man for bread” (139). As the Ghost is close to Yokohama, Maud assumes that she and the men she was shipwrecked with will be brought there directly. Humphrey settles Maud in the cabin, warning her not to expect any great deeds from Larsen: “But our captain is a strange man, and I beg of you to be prepared for anything, understand?” (140). When the port cabin is ready, Humphrey leads her to bed just as he hears shouts of a boat sighted above; it is Johnson and Leach.

Chapters 16-18 Analysis

Humphrey’s sympathy for the rebellious sailors increases, particularly for Johnson, of whom Humphrey has made a hero: “a profound melancholy which has settled on Johnson’s face and in his eyes made my heart bleed” (116). He goes so far as to help Johnson and Leach attempt an escape to Yokohama; though the plan fails, Humphrey’s secretive involvement suggests a burgeoning rebelliousness in his character. However, as mate, Humphrey is in a position he condemned at the beginning of the novel: that of being morally complacent in order to survive. Though he supports Johnson and Leach in their escape attempt, and even their attempted murder of the captain, he himself takes no action against Larsen.

Morality becomes an issue for Humphrey as he struggles to reconcile himself to the thought that “it would be a most moral act to rid the world of such a monster” (118). Furthermore, he begins to see Larsen’s point on the futility of all this moral quandary: “Where was the grandeur of life that should permit such wanton destruction of human souls? It was a cheap and sordid thing after all, this life, and the sooner over the better” (121). Humphrey is certainly both physically and mentally exhausted, but the contradictory nature of his thoughts suggests that he is ready to reevaluate his preconceived notions.

Larsen’s power and skill at command keep the crew together despite mutiny. The demands of keeping the Ghost sailing require the coordinated efforts of everyone aboard; ignoring Larsen’s orders could easily result in the loss of the entire ship. Therefore, though Leach continues to try to kill Larsen, he also continues to fulfill his maritime duties. Being a sailor requires a certain self-sacrifice for the greater continuance of the ship as a whole.

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