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Sarah J. MaasA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Celaena Sardothien is the primary protagonist of Throne of Glass, and the majority of the novel is told from her perspective in close third-person narration. Celaena is defined by contradictions: an assassin yet a loyal friend, short-tempered yet compassionate, arrogant yet deeply wounded by her traumatic past. Maas portrays Celaena as a Lost Queen, a variation of the Chosen One narrative frequently used in High Fantasy novels, in which secret royal ancestry denotes a character’s destiny to defeat the forces of evil. Celaena’s character arc through the novel takes her on a journey of physical and spiritual recovery as she develops friendships and regains a measure of agency. It also brings her into contact with her royal heritage via her encounters with Queen Elena Galathynius, revealed as her distant ancestor.
At the beginning of the novel, Celaena decides to compete for Champion out of self-interest: She wants to regain her freedom, serve out her contract, then live the rest of her life rich. However, by the end of the novel, Celaena chooses to be Champion because it supports her relationships with others and gives her the ability to resist the King of Adarlan: Fighting in the contest has made “my freedom mean something” (350). The final duel places Celaena’s personal heritage at the center of the conflict between good and evil; the deus ex machina magic abilities granted her by the would-be poison bloodbane and the unprecedented arrival of her ancestor Elena connect her royal and magical heritage explicitly to her alignment with the ultimate moral good.
By the end of the novel, Celaena has regained her ability to trust others, and has overcome her criminal past. Celaena’s character arc in Throne of Glass is a necessary first step toward her ultimate destiny, which Elena reveals in her final visit: “there are people who need you to save them as much as you yourself need to be saved” (399).
The handsome Dorian is one of the secondary protagonists of Throne of Glass. Dorian longs to stand up to his father, and his arc is a classic coming-of-age story of developing the confidence and moral fortitude to reject the King’s values and challenge him directly. Dorian is reckless and flirtatious, yet also bookish and intelligent—he and Celaena bond over their shared love of reading. Dorian is also a romantic, with dreams of marrying for love rather than for political advantage.
At the beginning of the novel, Dorian seems petulant because he can only resist the King in superficial ways: leaving before he is dismissed and choosing a Champion that will annoy his father. When Celaena calls out this childishness, Dorian begins to develop real respect for her, which eventually grows into love strong enough to motivate Dorian to assume his responsibility as Crown Prince: At the Yulemas ball, Dorian and Chaol note that Celaena makes Dorian “[look] like a man. Like a King” (297). Eventually, Dorian’s love for Celaena finally enables him to openly contest the King and Perrington’s military strategy. However, Maas ends Celaena and Dorian’s relationship, forcing Dorian to continue gaining maturity and facing his responsibilities to his people on his own.
Chaol, another secondary protagonist of Throne of Glass, is the third point in the novel’s love triangle, although Chaol and Celaena’s romance never moves beyond friendship and hidden attraction. At first, Dorian’s developing relationship with Celaena makes Chaol fear that Celaena secretly wishes to harm the Crown Prince of Adarlan. Eventually, Chaol realizes that he also harbors jealously of the romance. Chaol’s feelings for Celaena throw him into existential crisis, as he tries to reconcile the horrors and crimes Celaena committed in her assassin past with the funny and vibrant young woman he knows. Unable to consider Celaena wholly evil, yet not convinced she is wholly good, Chaol must reevaluate his entire moral outlook.
Maas uses Chaol to explore moral uncertainty. As Celaena and Chaol grow close, and as the violent murders of the Champions and the King’s ruthless military strategy challenge Chaol’s sense of right and wrong, Chaol learns to find nuance in ethically fraught situations. Chaol’s moral dilemma reaches a breaking point when he kills Cain, his first time taking a life. Haunted, he understands that like Celaena, he cannot be defined by an absolute moral code: Honor can be lost and regained.
In addition to being a natural friend to Celaena (the two women are warriors, readers, and revolutionaries), Nehemia is a foil to Dorian, an example of a leader who embraces the duties of a future sovereign. Several times in the novel, Nehemia inspires Dorian to stand up to his father: At the end of the novel, Dorian understands that “while Nehemia might be playing a game that she had no chance of winning, Dorian couldn’t deny that he greatly admired the princess for daring to play in the first place” (375), a thought that pushes Dorian to object explicitly to his father’s military strategy.
Nehemia struggles with her identity as princess and role in the salvation of her people throughout the story. At Rifthold to foil the King’s military plans as much as possible, Nehemia is distraught at her failure to discover or prevent the massacre of the 500 Eyllwe rebels. However, Nehemia still protects the court from Cain’s ridderak, bears Celaena no ill will for suspecting her of the Champion murders, giving Celaena the name Elentiya (“Spirit That Could Not Be Broken”), and saves Celaena’s life. Nehemia declares that “[her] love for Eyllwe drowns out [her] fear of the King of Adarlan” (382), embodying resistance to oppression.
Although the novel indicates these characters’ importance in the larger series, Perrington, the King, and Kaltain function mostly in subplot in Throne of Glass.
The vain and wealthy Kaltain schemes to get close to Dorian. Kaltain’s arc is one of dramatic irony: She is being manipulated by Perrington, all the while believing that she is actually manipulating him via his sexual attraction to her. The reader is aware of Perrington’s ulterior motives: to use Kaltain’s ambition to hurt Celaena. Kaltain realizes her hubris only when Perrington double-crosses her at the final duel, struck by the realization that “He’d acted the besotted fool only to plunge a dagger into her back” (372). Kaltain’s vanity and ambition make her more vulnerable to manipulation, rather than better able to recognize foul play.
Perrington’s cruelty is matched by his cunning, as he uses magic to manipulate Kaltain into poisoning Celaena and supports Cain summoning ridderak to siphon powers from other competitors in the King’s tournament. Cain, Perrington, and the King all wear magic black rings, implying that Perrington and the King are aware of Cain’s actions—as Perrington notes, he limits his magic interference with Kaltain because “I don’t want the power to turn her into Cain” (389), alluding to Cain’s demonic transformation.
Although the King is largely absent from Throne of Glass, his presence hangs over the novel as the embodiment of the oppression of the other nations of Erilea. News of his massacre of the Eyllwe rebels greatly affects Celaena, Dorian, Chaol, and Nehemia. The King and Perrington do not undergo dramatic character arcs, but rather undertake more subtle movements toward their goal of total domination. In subsequent novels, the King and Perrington are revealed to be possessed by demons, explaining their enormous capacity for evil.
Cain, Duke Perrington’s Champion, is the embodiment of evil in Throne of Glass, whose name is an allusion to the Biblical Cain, who murdered his brother Abel. Cain’s repeated sacrifices to the ridderak make him stronger, faster, and deadlier. However, Cain’s summoning of the ridderak also allows evil to “[seep] into his soul and [twist] him into something he was not,” explaining his demonic appearance and behavior at the final duel (381). Maas uses Cain to portray the effects of intentional, unmitigated evil on the human soul, as his murders literally transform him into a monster.
The other competitors for King’s Champion highlight Celaena’s extraordinary skill and facilitate plot momentum. Grave and Verin are both easily trounced by Celaena’s superior martial ability; Nox reveals Celaena’s capacity for selflessness, as she sacrifices victory in the second Test to save him. The murdered competitors, and even Pelor, the assassin skilled at poisons, enable the reader to track plot details by associating them with names and personalities; the Wyrdmarks at Verin’s murder scene, for example, or Pelor’s identification of bloodbane, which is later used to poison Celaena.
By Sarah J. Maas