47 pages • 1 hour read
Sara GruenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The train arrives in Joliet to find the remains of the failed Fox Brothers Circus. While Al negotiates the sale of what’s left of the performers and animals, August, Jacob, and Marlena go into town for breakfast. Marlena is still upset over Silver Star, but August is unsympathetic and is rude to the server. Al holds auditions but turns away most of the performers. Temperatures are soaring, and Jacob is concerned about the animals. August won’t let him go inside the tent to examine them until Al finishes his negotiations. Jacob argues with Pete about overworking the horses. The resupply wagons finally arrive with food for the humans and animals. Jacob befriends an orangutan. During dinner, several Fox Brothers workers beg for food, but August refuses them. Marlena gives them her food, and August storms off after her. Walter’s dog, Queenie, has diarrhea, and Jacob suggests honey as a remedy, trying to mend his relationship with his roommate. Jacob checks on the animals and finds that the heat is causing them to suffer. Marlena and August are still arguing, but Jacob worries because the big cats haven’t been fed. Al arrives with big news. They didn’t procure the man with a twin, but they’ve gotten an elephant. They go to the Fox Brothers tent to meet Rosie the elephant. Jacob is relieved that the other animals appear all right. Rosie is huge and captivates everyone. The trainer tells them she’s stupid, though Jacob can tell she’s intelligent: “She peers put at us with eerily human eyes” (125). The trainer leaves them with a bull hook to beat her, claiming that they’ll find her difficult to manage without it. Rosie sprays the trainer with water as he leaves.
August is angry over Al’s purchase of the elephant and the rail car needed to transport her. The decision has made the accommodations for the workers more cramped. He leaves in fury as Marlena and Jacob study Rosie. Entranced by the scene, they begin to dance, and Jacob knows he’s falling in love with Marlena. Jacob shares a drink with her and August in her stateroom, and when he leaves, he sees other circus members drinking and carousing. He loses track of how much he’s had to drink and finds himself in a tent with Barbara and another woman named Nell. The ladies grope him, but he’s too intoxicated to perform sexually and vomits on them. He awakens the next day in clown makeup and a dress, and someone has locked him in a trunk and shaved his genitals. Walter frees him and asks him to send flowers to Barbara as an apology. Jacob is humiliated and ashamed of his behavior. August summons him to keep Marlena occupied while he feeds the big cats. Jacob goes to investigate and finds Pete slaughtering old horses to feed the cats. Meanwhile, August attempts to move Rosie to her train car, but she won’t budge. Jacob talks to her without using the bull hook, and she responds. August returns and beats Rosie with the hook until she goes to her car. Marlena sobs in her stateroom.
As the train arrives in Chicago, Jacob is still feeling low after his humiliation. Walter tries to befriend him, but Jacob is despondent. Walter thanks Jacob for helping him with Queenie’s diarrhea. Chicago is a bustling city with skyscrapers, and Jacob notes that it’s the scene of many news-making events: “[T]his is the city of the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, of jazz gangsters, and speakeasies” (145). They disembark near a stockyard, and Jacob becomes nauseated from the stench. Filled with memories of his father and his passion for animals, Jacob pledges to stay on with the circus to supervise the care of the menagerie. He attends to a sick giraffe and makes friends with Bobo the chimp. Walking around Chicago, Jacob sees evidence of the Great Depression in breadlines and abandoned buildings. He enters a church, hoping for absolution from the previous day’s events. Marlena is there, praying. Jacob returns and visits Rosie, and August invites him for a night out on the town with him and Marlena. Jacob borrows a suit, and August takes them to a speakeasy. Jacob doesn’t drink, though August keeps buying him scotch. Marlena becomes tipsy and takes to the dance floor. While August goes to the bar, Marlena pulls Jacob onto the dance floor. Although he’s ecstatic to be in her arms, he sees August watching them angrily from afar. The club is raided, and everyone scrambles to leave before being captured. Jacob and Marlena are separated from August but take shelter in an alley. Marlena begins to cry, and Jacob kisses her. She runs away, and Jacob walks back to the lot alone past a dreary hobo lot and more signs of the Depression all around him. He checks in on Rosie before returning to his car. Walter is awake and warns him to stay away from August. At breakfast, an awkward tension hangs between Marlena, Jacob, and August. August sends a warning to Jacob, saying he’d do anything to protect his wife.
Jacob works all day with the animals. August violently yells at Camel for being drunk in the middle of the day, and Al decides that he wants Rosie to participate in the parade, as he’s obsessed with recreating a show to rival the Ringling Brothers. However, the parade is a near disaster, as Rosie’s presence makes the other animals nervous. August prods her with the bull hook to keep moving. Rosie is a hit with the spectators, and Jacob notes that she’s quite intelligent. The parade is effective, and more people show up to see the “Spec”—circus slang for spectacular. Al and August argue about Rosie performing in the Spec. August knows she’s not ready, and it could be dangerous for Marlena. During the performance, August is cruel to Rosie, and she bolts from the tent. Marlena must grab a tent pole to save herself—and disguises the disaster by doing a gymnastic move to dismount; afterward, her feet are badly bruised. Jacob finds Rosie grazing in a local farmer’s garden and retrieves her with the help of Greg, another circus worker. Greg, who is Polish and speaks to Jacob in Polish, lures Rosie back to the tent with a bucket of gin and ginger ale, speaking to her in Polish. August, infuriated with Rosie for injuring Marlena, attacks the elephant with the bull hook to punish her.
In the nursing home, older Jacob is annoyed that the nurse won’t give him his walker. Rosemary comes to his defense and asks the other nurse to put the walker next to his wheelchair. It’s Sunday, the day Jacob’s family is supposed to visit. The nurse positions Jacob near the window, where he can see the circus tent. He notes all that is different from his day, including that the tents weren’t striped. Rosemary encourages Jacob to sit with his friends, but he’s still angry at McGuinty. Rosemary asks him to consider trying to be nice for her sake. Jacob obliges, though he still hates listening to McGuinty speak about the circus.
The author uses the landscape of Chicago to establish the novel’s historical context. Through Jacob’s eyes, the narrative reveals the deleterious effects and human fallout of the stock market crash and the ensuing economic depression. The snaking breadlines and scores of displaced persons were hallmarks of large US cities during this time. The Depression left many without work, struggling to find daily food. This led many to leave the big cities and move west as migrant workers in agriculture. Jacob is fortunate to have found work in the circus, but as he’s realizing, these itinerant jobs come with risks and often involve associating with odious characters like Uncle Al. Chicago was a hotbed for Prohibition-era violence. The Volstead Act of 1918 caused an increase in organized crime, as notorious mobsters like Al Capone feuded with rival gangs over territory for selling illegal liquor. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre occurred when gang violence exploded and ended with the execution of Irish mob members. August takes Marlena and Jacob to a speakeasy, which is an underground club, accessed only through a secret password, where patrons gather to drink bootleg alcohol. Speakeasy parties often ended in violent raids by local authorities. As Jacob stumbles back to the lot, still in awe of the glitz and glamour of the speakeasy, he's confronted with the grim sight of a hobo camp, another reminder of the desperate circumstances in which others are forced to live.
Still finding himself mostly an outsider on the circus crew, Jacob grows closer to the menagerie animals. Spending time caring for the veritable zoo that Al has collected reminds Jacob of his father and the compassion he had for all creatures. When Rosie the elephant enters the narrative, the tone shift is as momentous as her hulking size. Although Rosie is delightfully animated and endearing, it’s clear that she’ll become another target for August’s brutality. Tensions mount as Jacob realizes that Al wishes to exploit his new prized possession, but Jacob has pledged to himself to protect the animals from neglect and abuse, which puts him at odds with the crooked ringmaster. Violence overtakes the narrative as August’s brutality is exposed. Showing no compassion or remorse, he cruelly prods and beats Rosie to force her into submission. August isn’t accustomed to female defiance, and Rosie proves a formidable foe. August’s behavior exemplifies the despicable practice of taming wild animals for human entertainment. His treatment of the elephant mirrors his relationship with Marlena, as he attempts to control her through abuse and manipulation as well. Just as August abuses Rosie’s body for the sake of entertainment, Marlena is severely injured and almost killed in the unrehearsed performance with the elephant. Al’s circus is fueled by dangerous greed with little care for human or animal dignity.
Jacob’s drunken incident with Barbara and Nell, though not violent, is another example of the dark underbelly of circus culture. Walter uses the opportunity to make a fool of Jacob as a sort of initiation into his inner circle. However, Barbara and Nell take advantage of Jacob’s inebriated state and sexually assault him without his consent. Young and sexually inexperienced, Jacob feels ashamed of the incident despite remembering little of what happened to him. Walter’s prank is harmless, but what occurs in Barbara’s tent will leave lasting scars on the young man’s psyche. Jacob’s dreams, a nightmarish Oedipal mix of his dead mother and Barbara’s nudity, reveal a character struggling to understand his sexuality while still processing the trauma he has endured. The author employs the dream sequences as a plot device transitioning the young Jacob back to the elderly Jacob, who is drifting in and out of fitful sleep in the nursing home. The elderly Jacob still languishes in the nursing home, though the kindness of one nurse softens his gruff persona. As young Jacob grows to love and respect Rosie, older Jacob is soothed by the compassionate care of Rosemary.
Aging
View Collection
Canadian Literature
View Collection
Challenging Authority
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Fathers
View Collection
Friendship
View Collection
Loyalty & Betrayal
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Mental Illness
View Collection
New York Times Best Sellers
View Collection
Popular Book Club Picks
View Collection
Power
View Collection
Romance
View Collection
Safety & Danger
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
View Collection