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52 pages 1 hour read

Lauren Grodstein

We Must Not Think of Ourselves: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Chapters 14-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary

At an Oneg Shabbat meeting, Ringelblum delivers the grim report that Germany has invaded Russia. They have also started building large poison chambers meant to exterminate large populations at once. To begin with, they are targeting older people, children, and people with disabilities. The Oneg Shabbat members are horrified and heartbroken. They wonder about the reasoning behind the Nazis’ actions, and Ringelblum points out that there is none. They cannot affect these actions or actors and must focus on things they can control, like recording their stories.

The group offers their observations for the week, which include the arrival of new refugees, a typhus outbreak, a performance of Macbeth put on by the Yiddish Shakespeare Society, an impromptu concert by the great pianist Wladyslaw Szpilman at a street café, and the births of three babies. Ringelblum asks Adam what poetry he has been teaching, and when he hears Adam’s logic of preparing the children for joy, Ringelblum suggests that Adam “might want to expand [his] repertoire” (158).

Chapter 15 Summary

Adam arrives at his basement classroom one day to find a Nazi guard having sex with a blank-faced Szifra there. Alarmed at what the teenager is doing to help her family survive, Adam heads to inform her mother. Outside Szifra’s place, Adam finds her brothers crying on the street; their mother died of typhus that morning.

Chapter 16 Summary

Adam takes Sala up to the rooftop of their building to tell her what he witnessed. He stayed with the boys until the coroner came and collected their mother’s body. The rabbi arrived shortly after to offer prayers for the dead, and just as Adam was leaving, he spotted Szifra running to join her brothers.

Adam remembers Kasia’s funeral, which took place in the Saint Krzysztofa’s Chapel. Her mother and sister cried in the pews, but Adam could only think about how her sister never visited the entire time Adam and Kasia were married and how her mother constantly opined that there was a place in hell for Kasia and Adam because of their union. When it was time for the casket to be buried, Henryk cried hysterically and clung to Adam.

Back at home, with no real rituals, Adam turned the mirrors around and removed all the cushions, remembering the message after his father’s death: “We must not be comfortable. We must not think of ourselves” (168). Henryk arrived at Adam’s that evening to commiserate with him. Henryk wallowed in regret and sorrow over Kasia’s death, discussing all the doctors he should have taken her to. He promised to always be there for Adam as a tribute to Kasia.

A year later, Kasia’s sister passed away in a drowning accident. Adam attended the funeral, and Henryk cried to him about his lot in life, claiming that no one but Adam understands. He came to Adam’s place again that evening and drank himself to unconsciousness.

Chapter 17 Summary

Filip trades something for a bag of chicken feet outside the ghetto and sells some to Adam. Upon closer questioning, Filip reveals that he scavenges and finds things left behind when people die in the ghetto and uses these to barter on the outside. Adam attempts to cook the chicken feet, but Filip’s mother, Mariam, interrupts his subpar attempts and offers to do it herself. Watching her cook, Adam asks her about her life and records her story for the archive.

Mariam’s father was a fishmonger and ran his own store called Gabreski Fish. He employed a Polish boy, Piotr, to help handle the non-kosher fish, and Piotr soon became like a son to him. After Mariam’s father retired, he left the store to Piotr. He would occasionally return to visit and work behind the counter again, but Piotr never minded.

Things began to change once the government did. Piotr asked Mariam’s father to stop coming to the store, as it interfered with the way he ran things. He changed the name to “Riba Piotr,” meaning “Peter’s Fish,” referencing a New Testament story. After the German invasion, Piotr stopped even acknowledging Mariam’s father whenever he ran into him on the street. Mariam’s husband thinks that Piotr always had such antisemitism in his heart, but Mariam believes that Piotr once loved her father and grew scared of associating with Jews over time.

Mariam’s parents both passed away a few months after the invasion. Upon her father’s death, Mariam left Piotr a note so that he could send his condolences. He never did, but a few weeks later, Mariam received an anonymous delivery of a few whitefish. Although once her favorite, she discovered that she had entirely lost her taste for them.

Chapter 18 Summary

In September, Adam runs into Eli at the soup kitchen. Eli has not been to class in a while and tells Adam that he has been busy taking care of Jakub. The siblings will leave the ghetto soon; Szifra is organizing papers for them. Eli asks Adam to teach him some German in case they get German papers instead of Polish ones. He also asks Adam not to tell anyone else; their escape plan is a secret.

Adam takes an expensive silk and linen pillowcase to Nowak, hoping to trade it for something. Nowak pockets the pillowcase but refuses to give Adam anything in return. He notes that Adam has not yet given Henryk the necklace he requested. To Adam’s questions, Nowak reveals that things are not going well for Henryk, as he has been playing both sides for years. Adam denies having the necklace and dismisses Henryk’s supposed promise of papers in exchange, as there has been no progress for a while.

Chapter 19 Summary

October arrives, marking almost one year since everyone arrived in the ghetto. The oldest Lescovec boy, Jerzy, falls in love with a girl from the neighboring street and declares his intention to propose marriage. Outside, the news continues to worsen, and by November, Adam gives up any hope that he will ever get out. He has not traded the necklace yet, as he doesn’t know whom to trust to organize a kennkarte. He believes that if he loses the necklace, he will lose himself, too. In December, the Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor, and the Americans finally enter the war. Adam believes for the first time that “perhaps salvation [is] on the way” (203).

Chapter 20 Summary

Adam wakes up one day to a loud sound and panics, thinking it is an explosion. Sala calmly reassures Adam, showing him a small crack in the window where a starling seems to have flown into it. Adam kisses Sala, and she does not resist.

Chapter 21 Summary

Jerzy and his girlfriend get married, and Adam reports on the wedding in the next Oneg Shabbat meeting. One of his fellow archivists confesses that she watched the wedding from her apartment window and painted some watercolors of it; she gives one to Adam as a gift for the couple. Ringelblum reports on the mass exterminations of Jews in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, and Adam wonders whether it is more important to focus on simply surviving than recording their stories.

After the meeting, Adam sees a blond girl who looks like Szifra in the street and attempts to follow her, wanting to see how she is doing. She disappears, but Adam suddenly hears the sound of a machine gun, followed by a host of children running away, chased by soldiers. He approaches the source of the sound to find two boys lying bloodied and dead in the snow. There are holes under the boundary wall through which young children routinely smuggle things in and out. One of the dead boys is Filip.

A crowd gathers, and a dumbstruck Adam watches Mariam scream in horror and throw herself upon her dead son. She turns and runs toward the German guard nearby who shot Filip, as if to throttle him, and he unhesitatingly shoots Mariam dead. Adam returns to the apartment. The surviving Lescovecs never return, and after a week, Adam moves his things into the room they once occupied. He hangs the watercolor painting of Jerzy’s wedding on the wall, but the paint fades away within days.

Chapter 22 Summary

Sala begins coming to Adam’s room soon after. It is unclear whether Emil knows about their affair, as he doesn’t treat Adam any differently. In the strange circumstances they currently live in, the rules of right and wrong don’t seem to apply anymore. Adam tells Sala that he loves her in all the languages he knows. She acknowledges this but doesn’t say it back.

Chapters 14-22 Analysis

The plot picks up momentum with key events that take place in these chapters. Adam discovers what Szifra has been doing to help her family survive, and before he can do anything about it, the burden on Szifra’s shoulders intensifies as her mother passes away. With Szifra and her brothers in a more vulnerable place than ever, Szifra’s desperation to do whatever it takes to escape pushes her to make more dangerous choices.

In parallel, Adam receives word from Henryk with a reiterated promise of papers in exchange for Kasia’s necklace. Adam is still hesitant to hand it over, partly because he doesn’t trust Henryk and partly because he is still optimistic that the current situation will end soon. This hope begins to slowly extinguish after Adam witnesses Filip’s and Mariam’s deaths, a point in the story that also marks the commencement of Adam and Sala’s affair. All three seemingly unrelated threads slowly intertwine over the course of the story to work their way toward the eventual climax.

Inside the ghetto, life continues to move forward in a demonstration of the Resilience of the Human Spirit. At the Oneg Shabbat meetings, the members’ reports range from the birth of three new babies to deaths owing to a typhus outbreak and everything in between, including theater, music, and the arrival of new refugees. Jerzy Lescovec even falls in love and gets married, with Adam reporting on the wedding. This mixture of events shows that there is a place for love and celebration even amid great loss and tragedy.

These moments of joy and spirit notwithstanding, the situation both inside the ghetto and outside continues to worsen as the Nazi oppression intensifies. There is constant news of mass exterminations, with the Oneg Shabbat members baffled at the Nazis targeting vulnerable populations. They serve as a reminder that the Jews in the ghetto are still living in unprecedented times; they cannot be passive and must resist, and one of the only ways they can do so is through Memory and Documentation.

Mirroring the worsening situation outside are Adam’s experiences inside the ghetto that chip away at his characteristic optimism. His discovery of Filip’s body and his witnessing of Mariam’s death mark a turning point in his story. Events prior to Filip’s and Mariam’s deaths had lulled Adam into a sense of false hope: the simple joys of Filip successfully smuggling in chicken feet, getting to know Mariam as he interviews her for the archive, Jerzy’s wedding, and even the news that the Americans have finally entered the war. Witnessing Filip’s and Mariam’s brutal deaths, however, serves as a wake-up call for Adam to the true horrors of his present. Sala finally acting on her reciprocal feelings for Adam further underlines this and points to the complexities of Morality Under Oppression.

Through Adam’s reminiscing, a clearer picture emerges of Henryk’s character and Adam’s relationship with him. Henryk clearly loved Kasia deeply, and he was fond of Adam by virtue of this connection: He grieved Kasia intensely after she passed away and sought Adam out to commiserate about members of his own family. However, because of Henryk’s inherently opportunistic nature and his affection for Adam being a by-product of Adam’s relationship with Kasia, Henryk and Adam have a complicated dynamic. Henryk feels a sense of superiority over Adam because of his supposed benevolence. This is what he exploits when he initially asks Adam to move out of his apartment and what he continues to bank on in asking Adam to give up the necklace.

The necklace is an important symbol in these chapters. Another symbol that appears is the painting of Jerzy’s wedding; its quickly fading paint represents the speed with which joy gives way to tragedy in their current situation.

The origin of the book’s title is also revealed; the phrase stems from a place of grief, with Adam remembering how one must not think of oneself when mourning the dead. This applies to the context of the Jews’ suffering and loss at the hands of the Nazis. It also relates to the book’s context of the Oneg Shabbat Archive and the related theme of Memory and Documentation: The archive captures the experiences of Jewish life under the Nazis not to affect immediate change but as a record for history and postwar justice. In this way, the archivists must not think of themselves; their work is not for themselves but for posterity.

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