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46 pages 1 hour read

Cynthia Kadohata

Weedflower

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2006

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Chapters 18-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 18 Summary

Mr. Moto acquires some bean cuttings and invites Sumiko to help him with his garden. He needs her expertise in farming since he’s inexperienced as a gardener. He agrees to do most of the hard labor in exchange for her advice and gives her a section of dirt where she can plant her flower seeds. Sumiko knows the hot desert sun will kill the bean cuttings unless they cover them with cheesecloth. Mr. Moto places an order for the cheesecloth, and in the meantime, Sumiko uses her sheet to carefully construct individual covers for the plants. After working hard alongside Mr. Moto, Sumiko takes a break with Tak-Tak to bring some ice to Frank in the bean field, but he’s nowhere to be found.

Chapter 19 Summary

Sumiko has always loved dirt, especially its rich smell. However, the dirt in Poston doesn’t have the right scent. She asks Bull why her stock seeds haven’t sprouted yet, and he tells her that the dirt needs “organic matter” (150). She mixes chicken droppings into the garden soil, and day after day runs to check on her seeds. She’s overjoyed when they finally start sprouting and constructs small domes out of sheet pieces to protect them from bugs. When the flowers bloom, they’re different colors and fill the air with the scent she loves. She wants to enter the garden in a camp competition, but Mr. Moto feels that they don’t have a chance at winning. Sumiko writes to Uncle and Jiichan about using the Sumiko Strain seeds that Uncle developed. Now that Sumiko is adding the chicken droppings to the dirt, it’s healthy and is the same rich scent that she used to know.

Chapter 20 Summary

In September, the government offers to relocate Japanese Americans to various jobs around the country because of a labor shortage. Many people don’t take the offer seriously. The government would give them only one hundred dollars to resettle and start new homes, and the jobs would be low paying, like picking crops or working in a factory. After losing everything because of the government, people aren’t keen on starting over with so little. Furthermore, they know that conditions may be dangerous for them, since many Americans wouldn’t treat them kindly outside of camp. No one in Sumiko’s family wants to leave, including Sumiko, who feels like she at least has a few friends and the garden to keep her busy.

She goes to the bean field one day to gather more cuttings for Mr. Moto and brings an extra cup of ice in case Frank is there. She finds Frank among the bean plants, and although their conversation starts on edge, the tension doesn’t last. Frank says that although the Native Americans didn’t want the Japanese on their land at the start, the Office of Indian Affairs now wants them to stay. Because the Japanese have been farming the land, the government is paying to bring water to the reservation. Sumiko shares that her family came from California, and Frank explains that he’s Mohave but that other tribes are being brought to the reservation. They talk about the many things they’ve lost, and Sumiko cries uncontrollably when she thinks about all the changes and losses she’s endured. Frank comforts her and calls her “Weedflower Girl” before leaving the field and telling Sumiko to meet him again in two days.

Chapter 21 Summary

Sumiko enters the garden competition without telling Mr. Moto. Other than working on the garden, she has little to occupy her time and mostly tries to find ways to stay cool despite the heat. She returns to the bean field to see Frank, and he shares a little about his culture with her: He cannot eat the snake she brought to share because the Mohave believe that some animals are their ancestors. He also shares that his father died, and Sumiko explains that her parents both died in a car accident. One of Frank’s brothers already joined the army, and his other brother, Joseph, is leaving soon for basic training. Joseph is interested in farming after the war and wants to meet Sumiko’s cousin to learn about irrigation. Frank asks Sumiko to think about arranging a meet-up between Joseph and Bull to talk about farming.

Chapter 22 Summary

On the day of the gardening contest, Sumiko admits to Mr. Moto that she entered their garden, only to find that he did the same. They make their garden look its best for the when the judges pass. That evening, the Native American basketball team from the local high school comes to play the Camp Three team. The paper warns the Native American boys to stay away from the Camp Three girls, and Sumiko wonders if someone found out about her friendship with Frank. After the game, a Japanese girl talks to a Native American player, and soon other members of each team come over to them and tell them to stay away from each other. Bull intervenes to deescalate the situation before a fight breaks out, but Sumiko later overhears young boys taunting the girl who was talking to the Native American player. The situation is unsettling to Sumiko. She realizes that having Frank as a friend means that she may have to stand up for him or hold her head high if people call her names. When she returns to her barrack that evening, she finds a third-place ribbon on her door and celebrates by eating cooked snake with Mr. Moto.

Chapters 18-22 Analysis

In these chapters, Kadohata develops the farm and garden motif as Sumiko begins to help Mr. Moto with his garden. She must learn to balance her instructions to Mr. Moto as she shares her knowledge with respect for him as an elder. Gardening gives Sumiko a purpose and a reason to work hard again. Kadohata shows Sumiko’s dedication to the task when she creates individual covers for her seedlings and works to improve the soil quality. Having a task she is excited about gives her motivation to write to Uncle and Jiichan because now she has things to report to them. Kadohata highlights how much Sumiko stands out from her peers because of her love for the soil and for growing things. Sumiko’s passion for farming factors into her friendship with Frank as well. He sees farming as a way to improve life for his family and his people and wants to learn more from Sumiko and her cousins. Conversations about farming help bring them together over a common area of interest. The Native Americans change their mind about the presence of Nikkei on their land given the positive changes they bring, primarily in their cultivation of the land and in the water resources that the US government now provides. Kadohata shows the significant role of gardening not only in Sumiko’s life but in the Japanese culture.

In addition, Kadohata highlights Sumiko’s growing understanding of friendship. She has more friends in Poston than ever before, specifically Mr. Moto, Sachi, and Frank. Sumiko is learning about the complexity of friendship; she and her friends don’t all share the same opinions about things, and she realizes that’s not a requirement for friendship. Underscoring this reality are Sumiko’s unconventional friendships: an elderly man, a compulsive liar, and a Native American. Sumiko learns that friendship isn’t about being the same or agreeing; instead, it’s about listening to the other person.

In these chapters, the US government offers Japanese Americans in the camps the opportunity to be relocated outside the camps to help with the labor shortage. Sumiko’s perspective on changes such as this highlight the illogical decisions of the US government: First, it paid to relocate them to camps. Now, it’s offering the small sum of $100 and a low-paying job for them to start over in a new place. Clearly, this offer isn’t enticing to many people. Sumiko’s thoughts about the new policy show the counterproductive nature of the government’s decisions: If it had allowed the Nikkei to continue their regular jobs and stay in their homes, they would have saved money and effort, and perhaps could have prevented the labor shortage. Throughout the novel, Kadohata shows how prejudice and fear blinds individuals and the government in regard to decision-making and leads to foolish choices that must be constantly changed or overturned.

Kadohata also highlights the dynamic between the Native Americans and the Japanese Americans in the camps. At first, the reservation council doesn’t want the camps on their land. However, the presence of the Nikkei brings improvements for the Native Americans. Because the Japanese are cultivating the land, the government is paying to bring water to the reservation. Furthermore, some Native Americans plan to live in the barracks once the Japanese are gone, since those living conditions are better than what some of the Native Americans currently have. Despite their changing sentiment toward the Japanese, the two cultures still clash to some extent. Kadohata shows this clash within Sumiko’s age group when the Japanese and Native American basketball teams play against each other. A fight almost breaks out simply because a Japanese girl and a Native American boy speak to each other. This situation shows the prejudice on both sides—and how even children feel threatened by people different from them. It also shows the importance of Sumiko’s friendship with Frank: By getting to know each other, they’re gradually overcoming cultural difference and bias. 

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