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54 pages 1 hour read

Jennifer Longo

What I Carry

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2020

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Chapters 1-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Seventeen-year-old Muiriel has spent her entire life in the foster care system since she “was left newborn, nameless, cord still attached, and jonesing for meth at John Muir Medical Center in California” (2). The nurses named her after Muir, who was a highly influential naturalist. On her eighth birthday, her social worker, Joellen, gave her a book entitled The Wilderness World of John Muir. Joellen told the young Muiriel that all living things are one family. Years later, Muiriel still takes comfort from reading Muir’s work and spending time in nature.

The day after her 17th birthday, Muiriel prepares to leave her current foster home because a younger child is moving in and there is no longer room for her. She has mastered the art of efficiently packing a suitcase because she has lived in so many different places, but she still carries small items she’s taken from her many foster homes: “a stash of compulsion in a blue-and-white-striped pillowcase tied in a knot. A sieve of burden and humiliation that in each house catches new things I collect and carry with me year after year” (4). Her current foster mother will miss her because she is responsible and helps around the house. Before Muiriel leaves, a young girl named Zola gives her an Allen wrench, and Muiriel adds notes about Zola’s swimming lessons to the calendar so that the foster mother will remember. Muiriel feels a little choked up when she hugs Zola goodbye. As Muiriel climbs into Joellen’s car, she tells herself that she just has to stay unadopted for one more year and she’ll finally be free.

Chapter 2 Summary

Joellen was unable to find any foster homes in Seattle that would take Muiriel, so they cross the Puget Sound to an island. On the ferry ride, Joellen pleads, “Senior year matters for college, or just…for life. It’s important. You need to concentrate, no moving around, just this last one school. Please. For me” (9). Muiriel has no interest in college. She has maintained a good behavioral and academic record so that she can move around when she finds herself growing too comfortable in a place. She’s been in 20 placements, which is unusually high. She recognizes that her situation is unique in that she doesn’t want to be adopted, and she also acknowledges the ways that she is privileged because she is white and healthy. Although she knows that thousands of young people become unhoused when they age out of the system, she remains determinedly hopeful about her own future and imagines herself “[f]inally free to live and take care of [her]self in the wilderness of the wide world” like her namesake (12).

When Muiriel was eight, a couple nearly adopted her. However, the situation rapidly deteriorated because she struggled to sleep in her own room. They called her demanding, but she only remembers being exhausted and frightened. Her prospective father took her to a jewelry store, and she picked out a simple gold chain necklace for his wife. A week later, Joellen took her to a new home, and Muiriel packed the tangled necklace when she left. Ten years later, she is still trying to undo the knots.

Chapter 3 Summary

Although the island is picturesque in its natural beauty, Muiriel is distracted by the memory of Zola’s disappointment. Blackbirds circle her new foster home, which Joellen sees as a good omen because Blackbird is her nickname for Muiriel. Her new foster mother, Francine, is in her sixties. Muiriel and Francine bond over the fact that they are both vegetarian. Muiriel becomes anxious when Francine shows her to a room with only one bed, and Francine explains that Muiriel is her last foster child. Muiriel chooses not to have a phone because she is “impeccably reliable and so [has] earned the right to not be under constant surveillance” (25). Although Francine finds this odd, she agrees to let Muiriel take a walk by herself and tells her to be back in two hours.

Chapter 4 Summary

Muiriel is surprised that Francine let her go for a walk by herself on her first day because none of her other foster parents permitted that. She explores the island, walks a forest trail, and enters a cafe called Blackbird Coffee and Pie. A white customer around Muiriel’s age bullies a young Japanese barista named Kira by purchasing a box of eight beautifully decorated sugar cookies and then tossing it in the trash. Although Muiriel usually avoids involving herself in other people’s problems, she takes the box out of the garbage. At Kira’s recommendation, she orders tea and toast with jam. Muiriel spots an advertisement from the Salishwood Environmental Education Center, which is offering high school seniors an opportunity to “[e]arn college credit helping elementary school groups learn about wilderness ethics and explore 250 acres of untouched forest” (30). The internship sounds so tailor-made for her that she wonders, “Does Joellen have the power over time and space to create an entire town full of lures to keep me rooted all year?” (31).

Muiriel returns from her walk 20 minutes early and gives Francine the box of cookies. Francine expresses concern when Muiriel opts to take a nap rather than eat dinner. She distracts herself from the anxiety she feels in the silent, otherwise empty room by reading Muir’s book until her flashlight dies. She cries quietly in the dark, feeling as though it’s impossible for her to last a year in one place.

When Muiriel was in sixth or seventh grade, she lived with a wealthy white couple who made her and the other foster children go to church every week. The foster mother quoted from the Bible when she scolded Muiriel for her vegetarianism, which reminded her of the abuse John Muir faced from his religious father. The foster mother often threw away perfectly good items, such as unused tea bags, which Muiriel rescued from the trash and donated. One day, Muiriel saw that the foster mother had deliberately ruined the tea bags. She rescued a ceramic porcelain bear from the trash and asked Joellen to find her another home.

Chapter 5 Summary

Muiriel spends the next few days having “polite but brief conversations with Francine” and gaining “renewed strength and hope” from the uninterrupted sleep she is able to have in the quiet home (37). To build up her resume, she’s worked various jobs ever since she began to turn down offers of adoption. She doesn’t tell Francine about the internship because some foster parents oppose foster children working, and she wants this more than she’s wanted anything in recent memory. A gray-haired woman named Jane interviews Muiriel, enthuses about the young woman’s credentials, and says that she needs a signed parental consent form. Muiriel joins two of the Salishwood Center’s employees, Natan and Sean, on a hike with a group of second graders. She finds the mustachioed and man-bunned Natan pretentious, but is drawn to the handsome and grounded Sean. Muiriel is happier than she can ever remember being when Jane tells her that she “might be just what Salishwood need[s]” (44).

When Muiriel returns home, Francine introduces her to her senior dog, Terry Johnson, and makes a delicious afternoon tea complete with finger sandwiches, scones, and crème brûlée to welcome her. Not wanting to lie to her any longer, Muiriel tells Francine about the internship. Francine decides to let her remain at Salishwood provided that she keeps her grades up and doesn’t keep things from her again. A relieved Muiriel gladly accepts. Later that evening, Muiriel calls Joellen and reassures her that she doesn’t want to be picked up just yet. That night, Muiriel can’t fall asleep in her room, so she goes downstairs to the couch. Terry Johnson curls up with her, which helps her fall asleep quickly. She goes back upstairs in the morning before Francine wakes up.

Muiriel remembers a foster home she lived in when she was six. Her favorite book at the time was Bread and Jam for Frances by Russell Hoban. Every foster home is different, and so is the food available there, but Muiriel can always count on toast and jam. When Muiriel left that house, she took the book with her.

Chapters 1-5 Analysis

In the novel’s first section, Muiriel’s life changes dramatically as she adjusts to her new home on the island. Longo establishes Muiriel as a model of The Power of Resilience and Perseverance. Because the 17-year-old Muiriel has spent her whole life in the foster care system, she has a deeply rooted belief that she cannot depend upon anyone but herself: “Alone is not lonely. Nothing to miss, nothing and no one to wish or search for” (3). This belief influences a number of her character traits, including her conscientiousness, responsibility, and courage. Although these are positive attributes, Muiriel’s self-reliance also leads to painful inner conflict. At the start of the novel, her motivation is to age out of the foster care system unattached: “All I have to do is stay unnoticed and unadopted until my eighteenth birthday and I’m free” (7). The resilient young woman sees emotional attachments as a trap and a threat to her survival.

As a result, Muiriel must engage in The Process of Healing and Letting People in to complete her character arc. Over the course of the story, Longo gradually reveals pieces of Muiriel’s backstory that help to explain her need for healing. For example, Chapter 2 informs the reader that Muiriel was almost adopted when she was eight years old only to be relocated after she developed sleeping problems. Since then, she has turned down offers of adoption and believes “there are better ways to express love than through obedience and submission” (34). This negative perception of what adoption entails helps to explain why she cherishes her freedom above all else. In these first chapters, Muiriel slowly starts to let people in. The protagonist experiences rare joy and a sense of safety at Salishwood Environmental Education Center. She also feels safe and happy with Francine. Part of Muiriel’s comfort with her final foster mother is due to the fact that she doesn’t have to guess what the woman is thinking: “My heart slowed a little, and I smiled toward the berries in the sink. I liked that Francine said what she meant and no need to elaborate or apologize. Matter-of-fact” (46). This excerpt comes from the welcome dinner scene in Chapter 5. Francine’s kindness and care shines through the elaborate afternoon tea she prepares for her foster daughter, and moments like this build the trust and love between the characters. Another reason why Muiriel feels surprisingly at home in Francine’s house is the cuddly Terry Johnson. As the protagonist observes, “Every orphan needs a dog to rehydrate our dead, frozen hearts, symbolize the unconditional love we’ve been denied, and make us realize that there really is beauty in the world, after all” (52). She also begins to forge connections with her peers. Chapter 4 introduces Kira, the barista who becomes her best friend, and Sean, her love interest, appears in Chapter 5. As Muiriel’s life on the island begins, she encounters human and canine characters who start to heal her heart.

Another important source of healing and a key part of the protagonist’s identity is her relationship with nature. She first learns about Finding Solace in Nature through John Muir’s writings. She describes her namesake as “a Scottish naturalist, father of our national parks, a guy who slept outside nearly all his life” (2). Throughout her many placements, nature offers much-needed consistency, peace, and beauty. Muiriel’s new home on the island is an ideal place for someone who loves nature– “twenty-seven square miles of land, much of it untouched forest, marked by thirty-two miles of trails, and farms and fields, and rocky shoreline” (8). The setting of Salishwood takes on particular importance to the protagonist and the development of the theme. As she walks along a forest trail on her way to interview for the internship, she observes, “I’d never felt more Muir” (38). Nature brings Muiriel solace by helping her feel more attuned to her namesake and herself, providing her a sense of belonging.

This section introduces the novel’s major symbols and motifs. First, the Allen wrench that appears in Chapter 1 symbolizes connection due to its practical function as well as its sentimental value as a gift from Zola to Muiriel. Secondly, blackbirds symbolize Muiriel herself. The birds’ flight reflects her focus on freedom. Joellen’s nickname for the protagonist is Blackbird, and she calls Muiriel’s pillowcase of treasures a “[l]ittle blackbird nest” (5). Longo uses the symbol as a good omen that signals important settings where the protagonist will be safe and happy. For example, when she arrives at Francine’s house in Chapter 3, she sees “[b]lackbirds, a moving shape of black wings racing silent circles above the house and field” (21). Additionally, Blackbird is the name of the coffee shop where Muiriel meets Kira and learns of the internship at Salishwood. Third, the gold chain necklace that Muiriel gives to her prospective adoptive mother and then reclaims serves as a motif for her journey toward healing and letting people in: “Ten years messing with this delicate thing, trying so hard to fix it, and it’s still tangled. But not broken” (19). As the novel continues and the characters’ relationships develop, Muiriel comes to trust a few individuals enough to let them help her untangle the necklace, the problems she faces, and her carefully constructed walls of self-protection.

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