32 pages • 1 hour read
Raymond CarverA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narration’s deceptively simple style heightens the story’s ambiguity. The sparsity follows Ernest Hemingway’s “iceberg theory,” where little detail is given, and most of the story lies below the water level to accentuate its deeper meaning. What elements are omitted from the story, and why did Carver choose to leave them out?
When Carver wrote the story, he had given up alcohol for three years and said that it made him prouder than anything else he had done in his life. Trace the motif of drinking in the story, considering carefully who picks up the bottle, who drinks, how they react, etc. Does this pinpoint anything useful about the characters? Do you think the characters reveal their true selves when they get drunk?
Is Nick a reliable or unreliable narrator? Cite examples from the text to support your answer.
Look at the different interpretations that we get about love in the story. Write them down and decide which one you think is closest to your own views.
The longest anecdote is the one when Mel talks about the road accident. Divide this into sections, noting when Mel is interrupted and why, and consider the different emotions that Mel goes through when talking about the teenage driver, the elderly couple, and his own responses.
The story ends with the characters not talking to one another, in direct contrast to its title. Why does Nick only hear their heartbeats, and how does this conclusion connect to the story’s themes?
By Raymond Carver