37 pages • 1 hour read
Alyssa ColeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Sydney Green reads an article about a slavery theme park in Brooklyn in the 19th century. The article horrifies Sydney but inspires her to explore more history. She goes on a tour of historic Brooklyn Brownstones (houses made of or resembling those of brown sandstone intimately tied to New York neighborhoods) led by Zephyr, who doesn’t know the same colloquial history that she does. Zephyr points out a building recently slated as a potential location for VerenTech Pharmaceuticals, a controversial proposal as “an opioid research center is being placed in a community that they feel was overpoliced during their own drug epidemic” (4). Sydney interrupts the tour to name the successful Black residents of the buildings; Zephyr only highlights the white history of the neighborhood.
Sydney moves back to her mother Yolanda’s Brooklyn address. She discovers that her neighborhood has drastically changed from gentrification. Most of her Black neighbors have been replaced by white people unfamiliar with the once-rich culture of the neighborhood, and her mother is no longer living at home. As Sydney observes the new neighborhood from her stoop, a BVT real estate agent named William Bilford comes over, trying to convince her to sell her Brownstone. Meanwhile, posts on an app called OurHood discuss the VerenTech deal.
Theo wakes up hungover with a family album that he found discarded in street trash. He looks out the window and observes Sydney sweeping her stoop; he recognizes her from the historic Brooklyn Brownhouse tour. Theo and his girlfriend Kim have been renovating their new house, but the project has only increased the tension in their relationship. Kim no longer consults Theo for renovation decisions, and she has become addicted to the app OurHood, a virtual neighborhood watch. The couple bought the house after Kim cheated on Theo with a man named David, whom Theo knows she still has feelings for.
Despite Kim’s show of anti-racism, Theo notices that she has become hyper-nervous in the neighborhood and often expresses wanting more people “like her and Theo” to move in. But Theo loves his new neighborhood. He had grown up moving from apartment to apartment with his mother, who was constantly in and out of abusive relationships. To Theo, the neighborhood provides respite from the past. At the local bodega, Kim cuts in front of Sydney. When Sydney calls her out, Kim threatens to call the police. Meanwhile, posts on OurHood invite neighbors to the block’s annual Labor Day party.
Sydney receives a call from a lawyer representing her mother. She then checks on her neighbor, Mr. Perkins, prior to the Labor Day party. Mr. Perkins’s late wife had been a librarian, and his house still holds historical documents. Sydney finds one from 1638 about killings of Native Americans on Block Island. She’s interrupted by Theo, who formally introduces himself, apologizes for Kim’s behavior in the bodega, and invites her out for coffee. Drea, a sister-like figure to Sydney, and other Black members of the neighborhood arrive. Drea warns Sydney about Theo, who may be good-looking but seems to fit the latter’s pattern of choosing the wrong men.
The neighbors discuss rumors of people disappearing off the streets. They then discuss Sydney’s goal to create her own neighborhood tour. Theo volunteers to help. Meanwhile, posts from OurHood debate gang activity in the neighborhood. One poster claims that black men in hoodies are casing the neighborhood, while another poster defends her son’s right to walk around his own neighborhood and points out that crime has been low.
Theo’s historical research is interrupted when Kim, who has been spending more time away from him, invites him to neighbors Terry and Josie’s house for a drink. Theo is disturbed when he discovers that Terry and Josie are hosting their own neighborhood committee meeting to learn about the Black neighborhood committee meeting from him. He leaves and wanders the streets. As Theo passes an abandoned hospital, he believes he sees a light flickering from within. As he looks more closely, an inebriated Black man grabs him and rams into the fence. When Theo sees that the man needs help, he offers to bring him to a hospital; the man runs off. Two police officers immediately show up, looking for the man. Theo returns home and sees Kim get into a car with an overnight bag. He notices that she has installed several security cameras. Meanwhile, a post on OurHood asks if anyone else has been feeling the ground shake at night.
Sydney researches reasons for the ground shaking and then takes an Uber to a hair salon. When the driver locks the doors and drives past the street to the salon, Sydney grows nervous. Finally, he stops the car and directs her to walk down the block to the salon. Outside, she wonders if she is paranoid. Sydney wants to reach out to Drea about the encounter (as the driver knew her last name) but decides not to worry her after “what happened in Seattle”—where she used to live with her ex-husband.
At the salon, Sydney’s hair braider Sandrine tells her that the salon will be moving in a week because the landlord wants to sell the building. She asks about Sydney’s mother, and Sydney tells her that she’s in an assisted living home. A woman named Denise enters the salon and says the police are crowding the Jones’s house to arrest their son Preston for selling drugs. The women are shocked because Preston has a reputation for being straight-laced.
Sydney joins her Black neighbors at Mr. Perkins’s house. A woman named Grace proposes that Black people in the neighborhood are being arrested so homeowners will be forced to sell their houses to pay bail and other legal fees. On OurHood, Josie posts about not picking up after one’s dog being a fineable offense and that she’s already contacted the police about it.
Theo goes to the neighborhood YMCA to exercise, where he meets BVT real estate agent William Bilford. William gives him a business card and brags about how good business has been lately. Later, Theo sees Sydney (now the object of his affection) working in the community garden. Sydney tells him that her mother started the garden, and that she regrets not having paid closer attention during her childhood gardening lessons. She tells him that if he's going to help her with her history tour, they need a safe word for him acting “too white.” They settle on “Howdy Doody,” which makes Sydney laugh. Meanwhile, posts on OurHood argue about the value of gentrification.
Sydney and Theo study Mr. Perkins’s historical documents. Sydney explains that Brooklyn was predominately white until the Panic of 1837, when stocks crashed and people had to sell their properties quickly. She teaches Theo the connection between slavery in the South and the economy in the Free North: New York City hosted the bank business, and slavery relied on the bank business. Despite New York enforcing abolition laws, the ties between the North and the Antebellum South were important to both. Sydney assigns Theo the task of researching the Dutch West India Company’s influence on the development of New York. She also picks up on Theo’s flirting.
Back at home, Sydney’s phone rings; she answers it but avoids conversation with the caller seeking her mother. She texts Drea for help. She hears a dog barking and discovers that her front door is open, despite having closed it.
In the first few chapters of When No One is Watching, Alyssa Cole establishes a tense setting in which racist ideologies are exposed and explored. The novel begins with Sydney Green’s reflection on New York’s history, which often hides a past of racism, slavery, and exclusion. Though Sydney cites a slavery theme park from the 19th century, Cole makes a clear connection between historical revisionism and contemporary American racism. Just as historical narratives about Northern states frame the North was an anti-racist haven for Black people escaping slavery, so do the novel’s contemporary New Yorkers pride themselves on understanding social justice issues. In reality, the Northern states had their own laws about slaves, and the contemporary New Yorkers try to hide their racism behind public safety concerns. Thus, Cole points out that racism has simply developed new terms and tactics in modern day.
One tactic that the white people gentrifying Sydney’s neighborhood use is the police. Kim and her white neighbors continually threaten Black residents with the police, heightening the novel’s tension. The white residents either don’t know or care about the Black neighborhood’s history with police, which includes mass incarceration and unjust police shootings. This kind of threat speaks to white privilege. Rather than deal with conflict in a civil manner, the white residents rely on police force—which in turn shuts down their Black neighbors’ ability to be part of a larger conversation. Aside from minor annoyances and stolen packages, nothing has actively endangered the white residents. Yet, they are quick to threaten and call reinforcements on those who are at high risk of being treated unfairly or even killed.
The white residents turn to the police out of fear of Black people, though they won’t acknowledge it as such. They carefully craft their opinions to make it seem like they fear crime, and because crime is a public safety concern that affects everyone, they themselves won’t be seen as racist. But this fixation on crime is a thinly veiled disguise for racism. For example, one neighbor complains about a Black man walking around in a hoodie at night, not realizing or even considering that this man is a teenager who lives in the neighborhood and has every right to walk around without suspicion. It becomes increasingly evident that the white residents uphold an “us versus them” dichotomy. They sense the Black residents’ hostility, but rather than look inward and reevaluate their own unwelcoming behavior, they place all the blame on the Black residents. Again, Cole emphasizes racism with irony. While the Black residents have done nothing to the white residents, the latter frame themselves as victims. Through Theo’s chapters, Cole reveals that the white residents hold private meetings to gossip about their Black neighbors—ignoring the blatant racism in doing so.
This conflict between neighbors is exacerbated by the app OurHood. This virtual neighborhood watch allows people to post complaints, observations, and invitations. The app is used to build a sense of community when Black residents promote their annual Labor Day block party. But as tensions increase, the posts on OurHood become increasingly racist. Arguments about gentrification, loitering, and theft reinforce the white residents’ “us versus them” mentality. OurHood may not be an anonymous platform, but it is virtual and likely makes posters feel comfortable being more direct than they would in person. This often leads to racially charged misconceptions and misunderstandings.
Sydney’s neighborhood is going through the process of gentrification, a process in which companies and wealthy (often white) people buy houses and businesses in neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status. The companies and wealthy people then turn their chosen neighborhoods into replicas of neighborhoods from which they came, using higher rent to push out longtime residents. While gentrification can be seen as a good thing because it tends to reinvigorate neighborhoods that may have been rife with crime, it can also erase long histories and creates major racial disparities in cities. Theo and his girlfriend Kim are gentrifiers who bought a house and are renovating it with their own taste and future selling in mind. Intentional or not, they are using their wealth and whiteness to change the face of the neighborhood. Sydney is disturbed by how much her neighborhood has changed. Cole foreshadows an escalation in conflict between neighbors with constant changes to the physical neighborhood.
Cole often uses the term “Othering”—a process in which one group of people creates an “other” out of another group of people—to explain the white residents’ “us versus them” mentality. “Othering” can easily lead to scapegoating, in which a group places blame on another group to avoid consequences (like guilt) or for personal gain (i.e., gentrification and red lining). It can be especially dangerous when bordering on dehumanizing and villainizing. The white residents “Other” the Black community by framing them as dangerous. This process makes it easier for them to convince themselves and each other that the Black residents are a threat. Furthermore, it becomes easier for them to excuse their own racist behavior.
All this tension is further heightened by rumors of disappearances around Brooklyn. Sydney’s experience in the Uber and Theo seeing a light in an abandoned hospital also hint at something amiss.
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