44 pages • 1 hour read
Katherine MayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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May’s memoir shows how people living in the industrialized West are growing increasingly disconnected from nature. This has a direct impact on how a person seeks to tame and eradicate its harshest season, winter. In both private and public spheres, humans use electric light to mitigate its darkness and central heating to numb ourselves against its cold. With these defenses, communities can almost ignore the changes in the natural world and attempt to soldier on in a summerlike fashion. However, this disconnect comes at a cost, as people fail to value how the darkness and cold of winter can provide space for much needed rest and introspection.
On a global level, the vast amounts of energy expended to fight the darkness and cold have contributed to the warming of the earth and the subsequent, dangerous banishment of winter. May’s memoir does not mention the melting of polar ice caps, but she marks winter’s increasing lack of bite in more local ways. For example, she notes a change in the style of winters in the three and a half decades between her childhood and her son’s. Although her native Southeast England was never a place of abundant snowfall, it snowed often enough for May’s village to become snowbound and for her to have a feeling of the transformation snow wreaks on landscape, mobility, and habits. In contrast, Bert reaches the age of six before he can experience this meteorological phenomenon. May, who describes a snow day as “a spontaneous holiday when all the tables are turned” and children are excused of their duties and licensed to have fun, implies that her son’s generation are missing out on a glorious sense of adventure and wilderness (191). For such children, snow may be consigned to fictions set in the past, or to the ones of fantasy. From May’s Southeast English perspective, snow is a kind of magic which marks the season of winter and compensates for the cold, short days. Without it, humans are divested of some of the meaning and joy of this severe time of year.
Additionally, the seasonal shifts are threatening the age-old hibernation habits of wildlife like the dormouse. This, in addition to other factors such as disappearing woodlands, means that “they may be too fragile to survive the industrialized world” (93). May uses the idea of this small but sophisticated creature’s loss to create pathos for the human industrialized world’s war on biodiversity. She also asks the reader to contemplate that if the banishment of winter is so negatively impacting the survival of dormice, it might have a parallel effect on humans. While humans have sought to tame winter so that they can rush through their lives as they do in milder seasons, May shows how life without this season becomes confusing, less varied, and even dystopian.
May argues for a cyclical perception of a life rather than a linear one. Even as humans grow older, “while doing so, we pass through phases of good health and ill, of optimism and deep doubt, of freedom and constraint” (269). These phases, akin to those of the moon, are fleeting and successive. The acceptance that both good and bad times will recur lies in stark contrast to the narrative arc of the hero’s journey, so dominant in Western culture, whereby the protagonist confronts and overcomes their demons once and for all, settling into a happily ever after. While the perception of life as a hero’s journey can lead people to feel like failures when new problems crop up and to judge others harshly when things go wrong in their lives, the cyclical view engenders compassion. May’s consistent message to “to invite the winter in,” rather than banish it, is a process of learning how to care for oneself when life takes a downturn and to ensure that people are meeting their bodies’ needs and surrounding themselves with people who accept them for who they are (12). Such measures hold space for the sadness to pass through and teach people what they need to know.
The consequences of not accepting a winter cycle can lead to being trapped into a different kind of cycle—that of repeating the same mistakes and never growing as a human being. As May writes, “[U]nhappiness has a function: it tells us that something is going wrong. If we don’t allow ourselves the fundamental honesty of our own sadness, then we miss an important cue to adapt” (266). In addition to depriving oneself of the richness of a feeling on the emotion spectrum and the springlike growth and improvement that will come from it, by denying sadness people get the miserable anxious feeling that springs up in its place. Thus, whatever the cultural bias towards positivity promises, fighting sadness will not dispel negativity, but cause it to transfigure into a “monstrous” genre of anxiety (267). This can then create further problems.
However, while May promises that transformation can happen at the end of wintering, she eschews the lofty rhetoric of a personal development guru by sharing her honest opinion that “a great deal of life will always suck” (267). Thus, the seasonal shifts are inevitable, no matter how enlightened a person becomes. Being able to accept this means letting go of the narrative arc of continual progress and instead sharing the stories of one’s wintering and listening to those of others, so that these more authentic narratives replace the anxiety-provoking one a person can never live up to.
While mainstream secular society promotes the myth of continual progress, May shows how the Druid eight-fold Wheel of the Year, where there is a festival to mark different points in the calendar every six weeks, celebrating both the present moment and the fleetingness of each phase in time. Thus, the Druid understanding of time is more guided by nature and innately cyclical. Philip Carr-Gomm, leader of the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids says that the six-week interval is “a useful period of time—you always have the next moment in sight” (129). This offers perspective on both bad times and good, in addition to an appreciation and enjoyment of the fact that everything is always changing. While May does not become a Druid, she borrows from this pagan religion’s approach to the year when she begins congregating with her friends and marking different phases in ways that are significant to her. Thus, May accounts for the cycles and builds community around them, to promote a more realistic and generous mode of experiencing a lifetime.
May shows that a big part of wintering is the experience of isolation and a feeling of disconnect from society at large. These disconnects can be transitional and more-or-less constant for some people who are not white, heterosexual, cis-gendered, middle-class, able-bodied, or neurotypical. May writes, “[A]s one of the many girls of my age whose autism went undiagnosed, I spent a childhood permanently out in the cold” (9). While she does not elaborate on this isolating experience in Wintering, the book shows compassion for the truth that some people winter more harshly than others, and that life is not a level playing field.
Still, the greater part of the narrative focuses on winter as a transitory phenomenon, which can overcome a person suddenly in the form of a new illness or unexpected event. A feeling of rejection is inevitable, first from the relative good luck that has kept a person protected from harm thus far. Then, rejection occurs on the level of an intervention which excludes people from the norms of the society they have been used to. People sense, as May did with the winter that struck her when her husband fell sick in the middle of “Indian Summer,” that everyone else is carrying on normally without them, and that they are getting left behind in the cold. As May shows, wintering in summer can be even more harsh than wintering in winter, because a person feels like a freaks or failure of nature, cut off from the abundance that seems to touch the landscape and others around them. Such a feeling is exacerbated by the shame contemporary society attaches to unhappiness and the fact that people keep the stories of their wintering from each other.
May also addresses the universal, if taboo, wish that the inciting incident of one’s wintering will align with society’s understanding of what should make people sad. When she is beset with stomach issues and prescribed time off work by a doctor, May is almost relieved that she has something to show the outside world, besides the overwhelm and sense of unease that they would trivialize. She writes, “I don’t know what frightens me more: the possibility of a life-threatening diagnosis, or coming away with nothing other than shame at my own ability to malinger” (82). May voices the truth that rejection by a society one depends on for one’s sense of belonging can be just as devastating as an illness that takes the more conventional form of a tragedy. While the latter engenders compassion amongst one’s peers, the former sparks confusion and judgment. This is seen in the example of artist Shelly Goldsmith, who confesses that her deepest winter was not in the dramatic scenario of a coma, but the bleak time when she found herself cut off from her family, a former boyfriend, money, and a stable home. By telling Shelley’s story, May shows that people’s worst times may not be the ones that are most visible to the outside world. As she writes, “Shelly’s grief was invisible to everyone around her. Her friends just didn’t think it was big deal: nobody had died after all. They didn’t understand the cliff face between someone literally helping you to chew your food so you can stay alive, and then them leaving you behind” (74). The metaphorical “cliff face” alludes to the parents’ abandonment of Shelly after their intimate care of her, but also to the disjuncture between Shelly and the outside world, which does not acknowledge or show compassion for her predicament.
Art, whether verbal in May’s case or visual in Shelly’s, is shown as the antidote to this sense of isolation, as experiences of even the loneliest winterings are validated and given expression. The effect of a shared story or experience takes some of the sting out of winter, as it shows that people are not alone in their suffering and can benefit from each other’s experiences of sadness.
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