45 pages • 1 hour read
Marge PiercyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section discusses racism, addiction, depression, domestic violence, sex trafficking, abortion, wrongful commitment to and medical abuse of patients in a psychiatric hospital, ableism, anti-gay bias, suicide, sexual contact between minors, and murder.
The novel takes place in New York in the 1970s. Consuelo “Connie” Ramos, a Mexican American woman, is in her apartment when her niece, Dolores “Dolly” Camacho, arrives in a panic. Dolly is bloody from a beating from her boyfriend and pimp, Geraldo, and pleads with Connie to help her. Connie puts Dolly to bed and tells her that she should go to the emergency room, but Dolly is embarrassed by her situation. Geraldo beat her because he found out that she is pregnant with his child and because she refused to have an abortion. Dolly believed that he would forgive her and stop sexually trafficking her, but he reacted with rage. Connie tries to comfort Dolly and decide what they should do while worrying that Dolly might have overheard her talking to someone named Luciente.
Connie hopes that Dolly will have the baby and live with her; together with Nita, the child Dolly already has, they could be a family. However, Geraldo arrives with a companion and breaks into Connie’s apartment. They try to force Dolly out, but Connie fights back, breaking Geraldo’s nose. Geraldo’s companion hits her from behind, and she loses consciousness.
Connie awakens in Bellevue, a psychiatric hospital, heavily drugged and strapped to a bed. She remembers that Geraldo brought her in and said that she had attacked him; Dolly verified his story, not daring to go against him. Connie has been in Bellevue before and knows that no one will believe her but tries to explain anyway. Eventually, some nurses release and bathe her and let her wander the ward. Dolly comes to visit and says that she is sorry but had to lie; however, she is sure that Connie will be allowed out soon. Geraldo has promised to marry Dolly and stop trafficking her if she has an abortion. She promises to bring Connie some money and her things the next visiting day.
Connie meets with Miss Ferguson, a social worker, who treats her as a lesser human being. Miss Ferguson brings up Angelina, Connie’s daughter, and Connie’s ex-boyfriend, Claud, as examples of Connie’s checkered past. While Miss Ferguson sees Claud as a pickpocket and a bad person, Connie remembers him as a kindly, gentle man who stole to support her and Angelina, whom he loved as his own daughter. He died in prison after being part of a prison medical experiment, and she was not allowed to attend the funeral. Connie’s ensuing depression led her to develop an alcohol addiction, and she lost custody of her daughter after hurting her while in an intoxicated state.
Eventually, Connie is sent to Rockover, the state psychiatric hospital. She realizes that Geraldo has conspired with her brother, Luis (Dolly’s father), and that they are having her committed for the long term.
Connie recalls the first time she saw Luciente, who is a visitor from the future. She (though Connie currently believes that Luciente is a man) first appeared to Connie in dreams but then showed up in person one day when Connie was walking back to her apartment after visiting Dolly. She assumed that Luciente was on drugs because of her strange way of speaking and her insistence that she had been trying to contact Connie. She also found Luciente strange because she looks like an Indigenous person from Latin America but assured Connie that she is from nearby.
Connie’s own parents immigrated from Mexico to El Paso and then to Chicago. She was raised in an impoverished home by an abusive father and a downtrodden mother. She wanted to go to college, much to her mother’s dismay. Connie fondly remembers the two years she spent at the City University of New York as the secretary and mistress of a world languages professor who changed out Spanish-speaking mistresses every year. As she continued her journey to her apartment, she imagined how satisfying it would be to take revenge on him, thinking in despair of her current life and its narrow confines.
When Connie reached her home, Luciente appeared again and tried to speak with her. The two of them struggled to understand one another. Luciente was horrified to learn of the cancers caused by cigarettes and bad food and could not believe that people of Connie’s time do not compost. Connie was offended by her horror and reacted angrily. Luciente explained that Connie is a special person who can receive visions from the future and that Luciente was not physically present with her—only mentally. Connie scoffed at this, asking why Luciente would appear to someone like her. Luciente said that her own era has no interest in contacting politicians and that Connie is one of the few who can make contact. They were interrupted by Dolly banging on the door, asking to be let in.
Connie is locked into seclusion at Rockover. She panicked and fought against the tranquilizers that the staff forcibly administered, so the hospital drugged her and placed her in isolation. She remembers her last visit to Rockover. Claud had just died in prison, and she struggled with alcohol addiction and depression, neglecting Angelina. She believed that having a child was a mistake since the child would be doomed to poverty. In her despair and self-loathing, she hit Angelina, causing her to fall against the door and break her arm. Social services took her away permanently and committed Connie to Rockover.
Her reverie is broken when Luciente appears again. Luciente asks Connie where she is and why she is so sad, and Connie explains about Rockover. Luciente is shocked and says that in her own world, psychiatric hospitals are “[o]pen to the air and pleasant” (65). They are considered a normal part of life and a place where someone might go to regroup or heal without stigma. She is appalled that Connie is imprisoned and invites her for a short visit to her own village. She puts her arms around her, and Connie is shocked to realize that Luciente is female. She assumed that Luciente was male because Luciente does not conform to 1970s female gender roles. Luciente, in turn, is surprised that Connie didn’t know that she is female.
The two journey to Mattapoisett, Luciente’s community. It is rural and not impressive to Connie, who thinks it looks like a Mexican village and not a futuristic world. Luciente explains that the town has machines and solar energy, but its society is not centered around technology; its residents prefer to be close to nature. One such machine is the “kenner,” a wristwatch/computer that Luciente consults for information. The village is a communal organization. Everyone has a job, and items such as food and clothing are shared. Children have “comothers” who can be male or female and raise them until they undergo a naming ritual at 13 and become adults. People have sexual relations freely with one another and are polyamorous. They use the pronoun “per,” short for “person,” in place of “he” or “she.”
Connie goes to lunch and meets Jackrabbit, one of Luciente’s lovers, as well as some other villagers. They marvel at her, and she finds them and their ways strange. She wakes up abruptly back in the ward.
Time passes slowly in the ward. Connie is surprised and happy when an old friend from a prior stay arrives—Sybil. Sybil is a tall and imposing white woman who believes that she is a witch and helps women leave their husbands. She and Connie resume their friendship.
A new doctor, Redding, arrives on the ward and selects Connie for his program. She is interviewed and moved to an open ward, G-2, along with the other subjects of his experimental treatment. Connie thinks of all the stories she knows of government experimentation on patients and worries that something bad will happen to her. She tells Sybil goodbye and asks her to be careful.
Connie sits on the porch outside the new ward, enjoying the small freedom of being outside. She feels Luciente’s presence for the first time since she was in isolation and speaks with her. She agrees to visit Luciente’s world again.
Luciente explains to her that her society uses rudimentary sign language to communicate with apes, cats, and some other animals. She also introduces Connie to Bee, who manages a machine they call the “brooder.” Bee and Luciente explain that all their society’s children are born through the use of technology. This allows the community to maintain a diverse gene pool and have citizens of many different ethnicities. Bee explains, “But we broke the bond between genes and culture, broke it forever. We want there to be no chance of racism again” (108). Connie is horrified by the brooder and the idea that women no longer give birth. She thinks of her own beloved daughter, taken from her by the state. She believes that by ending pregnancy and labor, the future has taken away the one meaningful thing available to women. She breaks away from Luciente’s world and finds herself, furious, back in her own world. She thinks that she hates Luciente and the future world.
In the opening chapters, Piercy establishes the ways that her narrative will differ from other examples of 1970s science fiction. In this era, sci-fi authored by women was often dismissed as being unimportant or uninteresting, especially when focused on women’s lives. There were strong genre expectations that sci-fi stories should adhere to a formula involving male adventurers and conquest of other planets. In contrast, Piercy opens her novel by downplaying its sci-fi aspects altogether. Luciente and futuristic time travel are not mentioned until the second chapter. Instead, Chapter 1 grounds readers in the gritty world of 1970s New York, where Connie’s experiences of helplessness are compounded by her gender, race, and poverty. This establishes the theme of The Intersectional Nature of Feminist Struggle, inviting reflection not just on Connie’s life as a woman but also on her life as a Mexican American woman born to immigrant parents who lack social mobility.
Piercy also develops Connie as an unlikely heroine—particularly for speculative fiction, where protagonists’ youth and attractiveness often connote their status as the “chosen one.” By contrast, even Connie thinks disparagingly of herself: “Herself with a police record and a psychiatric record, a fat Chicana aged thirty-seven without a man, without her own child, without the right clothes, with her plastic pocketbook cracked on the side and held together with tape” (26). However, Connie is empathetic, clever, sensitive, and resourceful—all qualities that the novel suggests are important in crafting a better, more egalitarian society.
This does not mean that Connie experiences no culture shock in learning about Mattapoisett’s utopian society. Indeed, much of the humor in the first chapters arises from Luciente and Connie’s cross-cultural misunderstandings. Luciente is afraid of cars and cigarettes, panicking when Connie begins to smoke: “He seemed terrified, as if she held a bomb, and indeed his hand was fumbling behind him at the locks on the door” (53). Though Luciente’s response seems strange to Connie, the novel suggests that it is more rational than it might seem; cigarettes are harmful, after all. The same counterintuitive logic applies to Luciente’s embodiment (or not) of gender norms, which is key to Pierce’s Envisioning a Post-Gender Society. Connie mistakes Luciente for a man because of her androgynous haircut and clothing, as well as her confident bearing. After realizing that she is female, however, Connie recognizes how superficial and limiting traditional “femininity” is; she reflects, “[Luciente’s] face and voice and body now seemed female if not at all feminine; too confident, too unself-conscious, too aggressive and sure and graceful in the wrong kind of totally coordinated way to be a woman: yet a woman” (103). This underscores Piercy’s critique of gender norms that emphasize women’s reliance on and subservience to men. Though Luciente is unremarkable for her time, she is shocking to Connie because of her confidence and ease in her own body.
Piercy uses the motif of dolls to exemplify patriarchal ideas of femininity. Dolores, who goes by the nickname “Dolly,” idolizes the idea of a traditional nuclear family. She believes that if she has Geraldo’s child, he will marry her and stop trafficking her. However, she fails to realize that she is a plaything to Geraldo and that he will never respect or love her. She sides with him against Connie even though her aunt was defending her when she attacked Geraldo. When Connie asks her how she can still care for Geraldo, Dolly shrugs and says, “He is my man. What can I do?” (20-21). Her learned helplessness and dependence on Geraldo undermine her control over her own life and prevent her from standing in solidarity with other women.
Piercy also offers a sharp critique of the medical system, especially in its treatment of patients of color and those with mental health conditions. Her theme of Institutional Power and the Medicalization of Dissent reveals the way that the 1970s medical establishment frequently replicated societal power imbalances. Connie is forcibly sterilized, a procedure that many women of color (as well as working-class women and women with mental health conditions) were subjected to, as evidenced by the real-life incidents at the heart of the 1978 Supreme Court case Madrigal v. Quilligan. Claud, a Black man, dies in prison after being injected with hepatitis, and Connie fears that she will face a similar fate when she is chosen by Dr. Redding for his experimental procedure. Though Connie undoubtedly has experienced mental health conditions in the past, including addiction and depression, Piercy establishes that her status as a psychiatric patient is due primarily to her social status rather than her psychological state. Indeed, the novel tacitly links Connie’s history of mental illness to her receptivity to visions of the future, tapping into a long (if itself problematic) literary history of associating “madness” and spiritual inspiration. Luciente hints at this when explaining her own society’s views on mental hospitalization as a pathway to enlightenment.
By Marge Piercy