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84 pages 2 hours read

Ken Follett

World Without End

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

It is November 1, 1327. Queen Isabella has deposed Edward II, and everyone believes she has executed him. In Kingsbridge, everyone has gathered to worship and trade at the town’s annual Fleece Fair. The fair struggles to thrive because Prior Anthony refuses to invest in it, despite Edmund Wooler’s request for improvements, but it still draws the crowds. Among the people gathered are Gwenda, daughter of Joby, a thief who pushes his eight-year-old daughter to steal. Gwenda manages to steal the full purse of Sir Gerald, a knight accompanied by his wife Lady Maud, eldest son Merthin, and the younger (but still taller) Ralph. Caris, the daughter of prosperous wool merchant Edmund Wooler, saves Gwenda from detection after Sir Gerald sits on her. Gwenda escapes and runs outside, where Hop, her homely dog, waits for her.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

After the service, Merthin, Ralph, Caris, and Gwenda play in in the woods. Ralph kills Hop with a bow Merthin made. Thomas Langley runs into the woods, and he is pursued by some men serving Earl Roland of Shiring on behalf of Queen Isabella. The men want a letter Thomas is carrying. The letter is evidence that Edward II is actually alive and in exile. Ralph kills one of the men, and Thomas kills the other. After the other children flee, Merthin aids Thomas in hiding the bodies of the two men in the brush and burying the letter. Thomas swears Merthin to secrecy about the letter and asks him to take it to a priest if Thomas dies. Later, Caris takes Gwenda to her house to give Gwenda her pick of a new litter of puppies. Meanwhile, Ralph and Merthin’s lives as the son of knights end when their family goes bankrupt due to Gwenda’s theft of Sir Gerald’s money. Ralph becomes a squire to Roland of Shiring, and Merthin becomes a carpenter’s apprentice to Elfric Builder.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

The Wooler household is somber when Caris and Gwenda show up to choose Gwenda’s new puppy. Rose Wooler, Edmund’s wife, is very ill. The direness of her situation becomes clear when Mother Cecilia, a nurse-nun and prioress of Kingsbridge, arrives but sends for Saul Whitehead, a physician-monk of Kingsbridge. During the wait, Cecilia, Edmund, and Petranilla (Edmund’s sister and the manager of the household) debate what Caris should be as an adult. Caris finds none of their choices—a nun, a helpmeet to her father in the wool business, or a rich merchant’s wife—attractive. All these discussions end when Saul arrives to bleed Rose. He tells them he has administered the last rites, an indication that he believes Rose is near death.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

Gwenda rejoins her father and confesses her bumbling in the church and the confrontation between the two men with Thomas so he can strip the corpses of money, weapons, and clothes. When he tries to sell the weapons later, Roland of Shiring’s men hunt him down. They beat him and force him and Gwenda to take them to the field. They seem aware that Thomas is hidden away in the monastery, which frustrates them since they can’t get at him in the sanctuary of the church. Joby runs away. The men leave Gwenda alive because she is a little girl. Meanwhile, Rose Wooler dies, leaving Petranilla as the sole woman authority in the Wooler household.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

At Kingsbridge Priory, Brother Godwyn, ambitious nephew of Prior Anthony and son of Petranilla, fails to convince the prior to award him one of the slots available to study medicine at Kingsbridge College at Oxford. The monks are too poor to pay for him, and the nuns are already paying for two other slots. Godwyn serves dinner when Mother Cecilia, head of the nunnery, joins the prior for a meal. He listens in as the prior and Cecilia discuss what really happened to Edward II after his wife stripped him of the kingship. Some say she killed him, while others claim he died of a fall.

The meal ends when Saul Whitehead calls them to the bedside of Thomas Langley, who has a grievous wound to his arm after the fight in the forest. Saul shines in this setting when he advises they listen to Matthew Barber, an experienced battlefield surgeon, instead of erudite Brother Joseph, an Oxford-trained monk-physician. Cecilia approves of this response, and Godwyn realizes that Saul is the likely recipient of one of the college slots. Everyone is surprised when the bishop, Richard of Shiring (youngest son of the earl) arrives to arrange for Thomas to become a monk. Thomas is clearly a soldier and doesn’t seem to be a person who should excite such interest from an earl. Petranilla, who has much experience in politics after having helped her father build the Wooler family business from scratch, scolds Godwyn later for failing to discover whom his rival was before approaching the prior and Cecilia about the scholarship.

Part 1 Analysis

In Part 1, Follett establishes the historical context of the novel and introduces the characters. The events and struggles of the characters develop important themes, including the relationship between power and responsibility and the impact of gender roles on medieval women.

The major conflicts in this portion of the novel all emerge from the historical context, a world in which the church exercises great power over the lives of ordinary people and in which one’s place in life is determined by birth. Much of the action in the novel and in this section unfolds in Kingsbridge Priory and the town around it, so the values of the church predominate. Initially, the church as represented by Anthony is an institution that is committed to maintaining the status quo, while a growing class of merchants represents the force of secular power and change. Edmund Wooler’s desire to improve the market to keep the market competitive pits him against Anthony and his brothers, who mostly believe that “God will provide” (40).

Medieval beliefs in Europe held that the fate of the individual was determined based on God’s will, even when the meaning of that will was not clear. Religious authorities like Anthony represent that power on Earth, meaning that to embrace change opposed by the church wasn’t just a simple matter of disagreeing: to push for change was to go against God, a tall order for people for whom the church was the only source of stability. While in the previous book that struggle centered around getting the church at Kingsbridge built, here the struggle hinges on the repair to the church and the bridge.

In such a world, what constitutes good and evil often resides in those with what medieval people would have seen as having a God-given right to exercise authority. The results of this deference to authority appear all over these first chapters. When there is a debate over how to treat the wounded earl, those debating his treatment are more likely to side with the monks because they have the authority of God on their side. The expertise of Matthew Barber, a man whose authority comes from experience, is disregarded.

Women and girls in particular endure the most of this deference to authority. Based on the teachings of the day, women were expected to follow the dictums of the authority figures in their lives who were men, whether that figure was a priest, a father, or a husband. Gwenda, for example, is expected to steal because her father tells her to steal. Follett provides a more nuanced perspective on what the subordination of women looks like in practice, however. Mother Cecilia’s position of authority as prioress and her sure handling of the nunnery’s finances give her a source of authority that Anthony (and Godwyn, to a lesser extent) is forced to respect to keep the monastery afloat.

Still, there is an underlying belief that women exercising authority are dangerous or even ungodly. The inciting incident in the novel—Thomas Langley’s flight from Queen Isabella’s henchmen—occurs when Isabella overthrows the authority of her husband, the king. The implication is that women exercising power is a source of instability and anarchy. The queen’s pursuit of Thomas creates an opening that allows Caris and many other characters to imagine another life beyond the constraints placed on them by their historical context.

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