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84 pages 2 hours read

Diana Gabaldon

Written in My Own Heart's Blood

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2014

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Nexus”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “A Hundredweight of Stones”

On June 16,1778, in the woods outside Valley Forge, Ian Murray builds a cairn for his mother, Janet Murray, and his uncle, Jaime Fraser, who are presumed dead by drowning. However, they are actually alive and in Philadelphia.

Jamie discovers that his wife Claire and friend Lord John Grey married each other to protect Claire from allegations of sedition. Jamie abducts John.

William Ransom arrives at John’s house in the turmoil and learns that he is Jamie’s illegitimate son and that his foster father John has lied to him about his paternity since he was born.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Dirty Bastard”

William pushes his way through the dockside crowds on Market Street. He attracts the attention of a passing young prostitute and tells her that he is a bastard. She leads him into her brothel.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “In Which the Women, as Usual, Pick up the Pieces”

Claire welcomes her sister-in-law Jenny Murray into the Chestnut Street house. Claire decides that Jamie took John to Valley Forge. She doesn’t think they will go far, since Jamie will want to return to her as soon as possible.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Don’t Ask Questions You Don’t Want to Hear the Answers To”

Jamie asks John why he and Claire married, given that John is gay. John tells him that when they made love after drinking too much, they were both making love to Jamie in their minds. Inflamed, Jamie punches John in the eye and stomach. Rebel soldiers interrupt the beating and take John prisoner as a spy.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “The Passions of Young Men”

Claire reassures Jenny that Ian will be with his fiancée Rachel Hunter, near the Rebel camp. Rachel’s brother Denzell (Denny) is an army physician, and is engaged to John’s niece, Dorothea Grey (Dottie). Both Denny and Rachel are Quakers, and Denny’s match to Dottie, who is the daughter of the Duke of Pardloe, as well as Rachel’s match to Ian, a Highland Mohawk warrior, are unorthodox. Additionally, the Duke of Pardloe’s son, Henry, has fallen in love with his landlady, a free Rebel woman of color.

In the brothel, William weeps with rage at both Jamie and John and is startled by the entrance of the prostitute, Jane. There is a scuffle, and William runs out in the street, clad only in his shirt and breeches. He is immediately accosted by a group of his friends who assume he was robbed.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Under My Protection”

A British officer arrives at the house searching for John, who was recommissioned by his brother Hal earlier in the day. Claire meets with General Clinton and Hal to buy time for Jamie’s return. She says she doesn’t know where John is, but Hal believes she is lying. He attempts to take her to his lodging to question her but is struck down by a severe asthma attack on the way. Claire saves his life in the street and brings him to John’s house.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “The Unintended Consequences of Ill-Considered Actions”

Jamie reflects on his violent anger towards John, deciding that it arises from his memories of being raped by Black Jack Randall.

The soldiers who captured John discover his letter of recommission, and he realizes he can now be hanged as a spy. The soldiers take him to their camp for execution.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “Homo Est Obligamus Aerobe”

Claire and Jenny nurse Hal through his asthma attack. Germain notes that Hal’s rank will ensure that soldiers come looking for him. Claire forges notes from John to Hal’s lodging and General Clinton, stating that Hal is staying with John. She gives Hal laudanum to keep him quiescent and unable to ask questions about John and Jamie.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “A Tide in the Affairs of Men”

On the road back to Philadelphia, Jamie encounters Colonel Dan Morgan. Morgan, who is on his way to meet an important friend, asks Jamie to join him.

Claire and Jenny enjoy whiskey with the weakened Duke and Mrs. Figg, the housekeeper. Hearing shouts in the street, Hal informs them the Continental Army is coming. General Clinton’s army and the wealthier Loyalists are withdrawing from Philadelphia. Jenny decides to go to her adopted son Fergus’s printshop because he is out of town, leaving his wife Marsali and children unprotected. As Jenny leaves, a second messenger comes from the General Clinton asking for John.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary: “The Descent of the Holy Ghost Upon a Reluctant Disciple”

Jamie meets George Washington and his officers in a cabin belonging to Sylvia Hardman, a Quaker woman. Jamie agrees to join the Continental Army as a general and also agrees to loan George Washington his horse. Washington and his officers soon leave, but Jamie tore something in his back during the scuffle with John and cannot walk.

Morgan leaves Jamie with money for a uniform and a bag of food. Jamie shares the food with Sylvia and her daughters then falls asleep in the only bed.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “Remember Paoli”

John has been seriously injured in the fight with Jamie; his eye is dislocated and his liver may be ruptured. John’s connection to his cousin Charles Grey has inflamed the Rebels; General Grey led the British in the Paoli Massacre during which hundreds of Rebel soldiers were bayoneted as they slept.

John is taken to the Rebel commanding officer Colonel Watson Smith whom John recognizes as a former associate. Although his brother Hal has influence, John has more value as a scapegoat; his rank and connection to the man who ordered the Paoli Massacre will make his execution good for Rebel morale. Smith threatens to send John to General Wayne, who holds a grudge against the Greys for Paoli.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik”

John refuses to promise not to try to escape and is chained to the tent pole. Awakened by the sound of Dottie’s laugh, John alerts her to his circumstances by singing a German ditty that he taught her when she was young.

In Philadelphia, Claire worries about Jamie and is unable to sleep. She joins Hal in the sitting room where she is burning cannabis to ease his lungs. Relaxed from the cannabis, Hal tells Claire about the British’s new strategy to sever the South from the North by suppressing the rebel armies in Georgia, thus starving the North into submission.

Meanwhile, Jamie rouses from sleep by the sound of men outside the cabin. Sylvia opens the door, but when the group sees Jamie on the bed, they leave. Sylvia confesses that she has been prostituting herself at night to earn money for food. She offers herself to Jamie, who refuses.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “Morning Air Awash with Angels”

The next morning, Sylvia’s daughters tell Jamie learns that their mother believes the militia shot their father.

John wakes up feverish, but recognizes Denny, Dottie’s fiancé, as the doctor who tends him. Denny tells Smith that John is too ill to make the trip to General Wayne’s camp, so Smith leaves to retrieve General Wayne. John tells Denny Jamie has returned. Smith, unable to persuade Wayne to leave General Washington, grants John another night of reprieve.

Hal wakes up feeling irascible, and Claire laces his coffee with laudanum and brandy. If Claire can get Hal out of the city to meet his troops in New York, then he won’t be able to hunt for John and Jamie. Janet, meanwhile, boards up the windows.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “Incipient Thunder”

When William gave his parole and was released back to his stepfather John, he begged John to have him exchanged so he could continue to fight. However, the exchange talks fell through in 1778. This left William technically an escaped prisoner who is unable to take up arms due to his parole. Considering his ambiguous position, General Clinton has assigned him to keep order and help the Loyalists evacuate the city.

While monitoring the crowds, William searches for John, worried about his absence. He instead encounters Captain Richardson, a nefarious character who once enlisted William to gather intelligence, which left William lost and wounded in a swamp. William is suspicious of Richardson, who tells him that Hal and John are missing, and asks that William notify him when they turn up.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “An Army on the Move”

Jenny and Claire are visited by a British lieutenant who asks for both John and the Duke of Pardloe. The British Army is moving out of Philadelphia, and the two brothers must accompany General Clinton north. Jenny implies that John left the house after arguing with Claire.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary: “Room for Secrets”

Ian and Rachel discuss the obstacles to their coming nuptials. Ian tells Rachel about his first marriage to Emily, a Mohawk woman who put him out due to his inability to give her children. However, Claire believes that the babies were miscarried due to Emily’s Rh factor, and Ian should be able to father a child with another woman. Ian promises Rachel that he will always tell her if they run into a woman that he slept with before meeting her, and Rachel wipes his eyes and tells him she loves him.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary: “Freedom!”

Towards evening, Dottie brings John his dinner and tools to escape. When Denny checks on John, he tells him that there is a basket of supplies waiting in the wagon. John escapes that night, although he is unable to remove the chain fetters. He walks four miles away from the camp, then dons Rebel clothing and cuts his hair. After smearing dirt on his face and hands, he falls asleep under a tree.

Part 1, Chapter 18 Summary: “Nameless, Homeless, Destitute, and Very Drunk Indeed”

William returns to his quarters to find that his orderly has absconded with his belongings, including his money. Furious, he leaves the barracks. He encounters his friend Sandy who takes William drinking and then to a brothel, where William passes out. When he wakes, he hears Captain Harkness, a British officer, threatening to sodomize a prostitute. William takes the girl for the night, recognizing her as Jane, and when he swears on his honor that he will not touch her, she makes love to him anyway.

Part 1, Chapter 19 Summary: “Desperate Measures”

Jamie makes plans to catch a wagon to Philadelphia, and Sylvia puts together a hot poultice for his back. Unable to sleep because of heat from the poultice, Jamie prays for the ability to understand and forgive Claire and John for their betrayal.

Part 1, Chapter 20 Summary: “Of Cabbages and Kings”

Jamie leaves the Hardman’s cabin and walks to the road, planning to get a ride on a wagon so he can return to Claire.

John wakes to a musket jammed into his belly. Discovering that the men are Rebels, John tells them that he was on his way to join Washington’s army but was taken by the British as a spy, hence the chains. They accept his story and invite him to travel with them.

Part 1, Chapter 21 Summary: “Bloody Men”

Rachel and Ian travel to Philadelphia, planning to meet Denny and Dottie. When they reach the main road, Rachel recognizes William in the crowd, and tells him of their impending nuptials. William still loves Rachel and reacts badly, punching Ian. They fight, and William has Ian arrested for assaulting an officer. Ian tells Rachel to run to Philadelphia to get Claire’s help.

Jamie, riding covertly on a wagon towards Philadelphia, sees Ian at the head of the British column; Ian is astonished to see Jamie alive. Finding Rachel, Jamie orders her to go to Philadelphia for help while he returns to the front of the column to confront an enraged William. He tells William that if he does not set Ian free, then Jamie will explain to William’s superiors the circumstances of William’s birth. William angrily agrees to release Ian.

Part 1, Chapter 22 Summary: “The Gathering Storm”

Claire, needing a break from Hal, writes to Denny asking him to look in on her patient. Leaving to buy more herbs in Kingsessing, she encounters Benedict Arnold, who gives her a ride in his carriage.

Part 1, Chapter 23 Summary: “In Which Mrs. Figg Takes a Hand”

Jamie arrives at John’s house to find Janet holding a gun on Hal. Unaware of Jamie’s presence, Janet accuses the Duke of heavy-handed retaliation against Highlanders after the Jacobin uprising. His men looted and destroyed her home and arrested her husband, whose confinement resulted in the tuberculosis that killed him. Jamie grabs the gun just as Janet shoots it, leaving Hal unscathed. The sound of the gunshot alerts Mrs. Figg, who arrives with her own gun which she points at Jamie, believing he is there to release Hal. During the confusion, Denny arrives to look in on Hal, who rages at seeing his daughter’s illicit fiancé and relapses into an asthma attack. Janet leaves to get his medicine and finds Ian at the front door. Upstairs, Denny soothes Hal, telling him that John is alive and on his way back to Philadelphia.

Part 1, Chapter 24 Summary: “Welcome Coolness in the Heat, Comfort in the Midst of Woe”

Claire buys herbs from the Bartram twins in Kingsessing, accepting their invitation to gather additional herbs by the riverside. There, she is surprised to see Jamie appearance. They come to terms with Claire’s relationship with John and renew their marital relationship in the Bartrams’ potting shed.

Part 1, Chapter 25 Summary: “Give Me Liberty”

John, disguised as Bertram Armstrong, takes the oath to serve faithfully in the Continental Army.

Part 1 Analysis

The title of this section, “Nexus,” references the links and connections between the main characters. The narrative explores the perspective of multiple characters including Claire Fraser, Jamie Fraser, William Ransom, John Grey, and Ian Murray, although only Claire narrates from a first-person limited perspective. Gabaldon weaves the multiple points of views, multiple settings, and missed connections to create an intricate comedy of errors in the opening chapters. The tone is wry amusement throughout this section, as characters are displaced beyond the city and undergo a series of mishaps while attempting to return. Jamie, alive despite rumors of his death, learns that Lord John Grey had sex with his wife while they were grieving him. The 9th Earl of Ellesmere, William Ransom, learns his legal identity is a lie. Meanwhile, the British Army evacuates Philadelphia ahead of the American Continental Army, who are marching on the city.

Gabaldon employs humor in otherwise fraught situations throughout the section. For example, when Claire asks Mrs. Figg if she noted the resemblance between Jamie and William, Mrs. Figg replies that she only saw Jamie’s backside as he ran up the stairs. Claire retorts, “Perhaps the resemblance is less marked from that angle” (11). Gabaldon also employs understatement in the ongoing verbal fencing. Janet says of General Clinton’s anger, “If I was a British general and was told my wee colonel had been abducted by a wicked great Hieland man, I think I might take it amiss” (30). Mrs. Figg downplays the danger of the oncoming Continental Army when she hears of it by stating, “I best go and be burying the silver, then” (60). Finally, when Smith threatens to send John to another general who has Paoli carved into his heart, Grey responds politely, “How very painful for him” (89). The witty ripostes and understatement keep the narrative from devolving into dour melodrama, providing comic relief in the midst of narrative tension.

Dramatic and situational irony also play a role in adding lightness to the narrative. Gabaldon employs dramatic irony when Jamie wonders if he is suffering from testosterone poisoning, which he understands to be when men do something that women don’t understand. Ironically, it is testosterone that is driving him to risk his life to return to Claire. Janet ironically is concerned that the Duke of Pardloe might die of an asthma attack in the street at the same time she is priming the gun for another shot at him. Meanwhile, Hal, unconcerned at the threat to his life, laughs helplessly while she does so. The most humorous example of situational irony occurs when the usually dapper John, head shorn and dirt rubbed into his face, takes the oath to serve the United States of America against all enemies, while thinking, “Bloody hell [...] what next?” (219). Gabaldon’s use of irony in this section creates a mood of comedic unreality, which alleviates the tension arising from the potentially dangerous situations.

Despite the use of humor and irony, Gabaldon creates a mood of anticipation and foreboding, engendered by the heaviness of the air and approaching thunderstorms. William precipitates the squall when he storms out of the house “like a thunderclap” leaving Claire to ruminate that the “air in the house still felt electric” (10). As the tension builds, so does the sense of an approaching tempest, both literal and figurative. When the women relax in the sitting room, Mrs. Figg states, “Baby Jesus, have mercy [...] something is coming” prompting Hal to disclose that the Continental Army was marching on the city (60). In the aftermath of that information, Claire feels something coming as well; “The air was hot and thick, buzzing with cicadas, and the leaves of the chestnut trees along the street hung limp as dishrags [...] But something was moving in the atmosphere” (64). The build-up of tension is tied directly to the weather; as the air becomes thicker and heavier, so does the sense of foreboding.

John feels the build-up of tension when Colonel Smith’s men chain him to the pole. He likens the feelings of animus surrounding him to a thunderstorm and imagines he can smell the ozone precipitating a lightning strike. The night before Jamie returns, Claire is unable to sleep because the “summer air hung heavy, damp as a sponge” and as she converses with Hal, she observes that rain is coming (100). However, the rain doesn’t provide release from the oppressive heat until she and Jamie reunite, clearing the air of the heaviness as they clear the air between them regarding her infidelity. Throughout this section, the sweltering weather holds the characters in a somnolent dream-state, in which jealousy erupts in violence for William, Ian, Jamie, and John, and the women pick up the pieces, worrying about what is coming.

Part 1 serves the purpose of an exposition, during which characters are set in motion by circumstances beyond their control. The background conflict is the Revolutionary War, which pits Jamie against both William and John. Additionally, the war creates conflict for the women as they fall victim to the vagaries of war. Sylvia Hardman, a young Quaker mother is forced into prostitution when she believes her husband killed by the militia. Claire and Jenny are no longer safe in the streets. Marsali, left alone with her children in the print shop, answers her door with a rifle in hand. Rachel and Dottie take a more active role in the war by assisting Denny, but they cannot walk on the main road without a male protector. Gabaldon explores the vulnerability of women during wartime, but she also highlights their resilience, as they steadfastly take care of business regardless of the air of menace that permeates the city.

In this section, Gabaldon also introduces the familial conflicts explored in the novel: Hal rages against Dottie’s inappropriate engagement to Denny, Jamie comes to terms with Claire’s infidelity and John’s betrayal, and Claire grieves for Brianna, Roger, Jem, and Maddy. The discussions about Quaker marriage between Ian and Rachel, as well as between Claire and Miss Bartram, set up the upcoming conflict involving Rachel, Ian, Dottie and Denzel. William’s rage permeates this section, as well as his shame and grief at his illegitimacy, evidenced by the word “bastard” appearing 25 times in this section alone. William’s fury at his parentage is exacerbated by being hamstrung in his military status; he cannot vent his rage on the battlefield, nor can he confront his dead mother with her complicity. Instead, he must untangle his emotions without an adequate emotional toolbox. He releases anger by attacking Ian and taking him prisoner, but is robbed of further satisfaction by Jamie, giving him more reason to resent his biological father. Ironically, William’s retaliation against Ian mirrors Jamie’s towards John; the two victims have possessed women that Jamie and William claim for their own. Juxtaposing the two men’s jealous anger, Gabaldon develops the similarities between Jamie and William.

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